Djibouti has been hosting refugees and asylum seekers, predominantly Somalis and lesser numbers of Ethiopians and Eritreans, at camps for 20 years, despite lacking potable water, food shortages, and unemployment. 0-14 years: 28.65% (male 140,365/female 139,299)15-64 years: 67.21% (male 284,488/female 371,529)65 years and over: 4.15% (2023 est.) Djibouti is a poor, predominantly urban country, characterized by high rates of illiteracy, unemployment, and childhood malnutrition. Dr. Workneh Gebeyehu authorized the deployment of Three indirect fire drills were conducted during the deployment. )5.55% (2019 est. U.S. exports to Djibouti include vegetable oil, wheat, machinery, and foodstuffs. The 404th MEB deployed in support of Combined Joint Task Force - Horn of Africa in early 2022. You all are going to live through history here, added Zana, regarding the MEBs next eight months in Djibouti, East Africa and the greater continent. Over the past 20 years, CJTF-HOA has evolved to meet each new challenge; you are going to watch the task force continue to evolve, witnessing it first-hand.. )177.721 (2019 est. Coordinator for the Arctic Region, Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources, Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation, Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights, Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, Office of International Religious Freedom, Office of the Special Envoy To Monitor and Combat Antisemitism, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Under Secretary for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment, Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Office of the Science and Technology Adviser, Bureau of the Comptroller and Global Financial Services, Bureau of Information Resource Management, Office of Management Strategy and Solutions, Bureau of International Organization Affairs, Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs, Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs, U.S. ), 4.37 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est. )beer: 0.05 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. The team was a huge part of making that happen, from planning the security, the logistical, the engineering, processing of personnel, publishing and tracking media, managing the COVID environment, opening of a support location in Kenya, to coordinating with AFRICOM and SOCAF.". Browse the latest images from AFRICOM and our partners, Catch up on speeches from our leaders both past and present, Deputy to the Commander for Civil-Military Engagement, Office of Public Affairs and Communication Synchronization, Combined Joint Task Force - Horn of Africa, U.S. Army Southern European Task Force, Africa, Africa Maritime Law Enforcement Partnership (AMLEP) Program, International Military and Education Training, African Partnership Outbreak Response Alliance (APORA), U.S. Africa Command Civilian Casualty Assessment Process, Resources for AFRICOM Personnel assigned to Stuttgart, GE. The military of the United States is deployed in most countries around the world, with between 160,000 to 170,000 of its active-duty personnel stationed outside the United States and its territories. The significance of earning the combat patch was not lost on young Soldiers with the MEB. By Staff Sgt. As with any high-stakes responsibilities, practice is key; although, the exercises also offer opportunities for forming and improving relationships with players who would be involved in direct emergency responses. These challenges, including democratic backsliding, conflict, drought and famine, are exactly why the East Africa Security Forum exists. )$501.858 million (31 December 2019 est. Ensuring a readied response force requires constant attention and practice, which takes form in periodic Emergency Deployment Readiness Exercises. U.S. Army Maj. Gen. Jami Shawley, incoming commanding general of Combined Joint Task Force - Horn of Africa, and U.S. Army Brig. The United States is working with other governments, global initiatives including COVAX and the African Vaccine Acquisition Trust (AVAT), and other partners to get COVID-19 vaccines to where they are needed most. Djibouti's Economic Update April 2022. Travel Information, An official website of the United States Government, Office of the Special Envoy for Critical and Emerging Technology, Office of the U.S. ), urban population: 78.6% of total population (2023)rate of urbanization: 1.56% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. The unit enabled . )imports: 0 kWh (2019 est. A 1995 law prohibiting the practice has never been enforced. ), degree of risk: high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fevernote: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Djibouti is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an infected person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine, total: 0.21 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. While in a combat zone the patch is worn in a subdued color. DJIBOUTI, Djibouti (March 5, 2022) - U.S. Navy Sailors assigned to United States Naval Construction Battalions, or "Seabee" units deployed to Camp Lemonnier, Djibouti (CLDJ), held a ball celebrating the 80th birthday of the Seabees March 5. Its forces have received U.S. training and assistance, including . the CAF has nearly 1,400 military personnel forward deployed for NATO air, land, and sea missions in the European theater, including up to 650 troops in Latvia and 140 in Romania (2022) The MEB also worked closely with the State Department. U.S. assistance supports MENFOPs efforts to improve the quality of primary education across the country. The exercises create opportunities for CJTF-HOA staff and leadership to link with U.S. Embassies and assets on the ground, building standardized and familiar security practices. By Spc. A 96 is a 96 hour pass to do whatever you like. The exercises represent actualized abilities to reassure the DoS and partners that the DoD can rapidly respond to threats, enabling U.S. embassies to continue operations in challenging security environments. )proven reserves: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. The MEB's mission took its members all over East Africa. Djibouti is eligible for preferential trade benefits under the African Growth and Opportunity Act. U.S. Africa Command team visits RAF Molesworth's Joint Intelligence Command. About eight miles from Camp Lemonnier is a 90-acre plot of land, recently acquired by China. James Hedman, Sgt. U.S. Army Soldiers assigned to the East Africa Response Force (EARF) in support of the Combined Joint Task Force-Horn of Africa (CJTF-HOA) and French Soldiers assigned to the 5th Overseas Intermarines Regiment (RIAOM) participate in a live-fire joint artillery training event at the Djiboutian Range Complex, Djibouti, Feb. 2, 2021. Al-Shabaab, the largest, wealthiest and most lethal al-Qaeda affiliate in the world, continues violent attacks like the one in Ceel-Baraf last week. One of the major responsibilities of CJTF-HOA is to maintain an East African Response Force (EARF). Using and abusing Djibouti: How the U.S. transformed a tiny African state into a hub of imperial aggression . )forest: 0.2% (2018 est. Over the past ten years the unit has been building the skills, utilizing many training exercises in preparation for a mobilization. Each year some 100,000 people, mainly Ethiopians and some Somalis, journey through Djibouti, usually to the port of Obock, to attempt a dangerous sea crossing to Yemen. Ms. Chidi Blyden, deputy assistant secretary of defense for African affairs, briefs Department of Defense and Department of State officials during the annual East Africa Security Forum at Camp Lemonnier, Djibouti, May 11, 2022. 185mailing address: 2150 Djibouti Place, Washington DC 20521-2150telephone: [253] 21-45-30-00FAX: [253] 21-45-31-29email address and website: DjiboutiACS@state.govhttps://dj.usembassy.gov/, two equal horizontal bands of light blue (top) and light green with a white isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bearing a red five-pointed star in the center; blue stands for sea and sky and the Issa Somali people; green symbolizes earth and the Afar people; white represents peace; the red star recalls the struggle for independence and stands for unity, red star; national colors: light blue, green, white, red, name: "Jabuuti" (Djibouti)lyrics/music: Aden ELMI/Abdi ROBLEHnote: adopted 1977, food import-dependent Horn of Africa economy driven by various national military bases and port-based trade; fairly resilient from COVID-19 disruptions; major re-exporter; increasing Ethiopian and Chinese trade relations; investing in infrastructure, $5.432 billion (2021 est. )methane emissions: 0.52 megatons (2020 est. A new railroad connecting Djibouti City and Addis Ababa, Ethiopia began operations in early 2018. )arable land: 0.1% (2018 est. )," joked Trotter. An official website of the United States Government, Office of the U.S. Trade Representative Country Page, Office of the Special Envoy for Critical and Emerging Technology, Office of the U.S. In 2022, CJTF-HOA completed four EDREs focusing on US Embassies in South Sudan, Kenya, and Somalia, respectively. )imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est. I. This exchange allowed the partners to learn best cybersecurity practices from each other. Cody H. Ramirez), Members of the 404th Maneuver Enhancement Brigade listen to Maj. Gen. William Zana, commanding general of Combined Joint Task Force - Horn of Africa, after receiving their combat patch, a military milestone earned while serving in hostile conditions, March 17, 2022. Discussions on the danger of food scarcity due to the ongoing unprecedented drought across the region, humanitarian relief planning for East Africa, led to conversations on the negative impact of Russias unprovoked, unjustified war against Ukraine. )proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est. (U.S. Air Force photo by Master Sgt. The 196th MEB brings many talents to CJTF-HOA. The use of blue alludes to the commitment to the unity and coordination of Africas allies to promote the AFRICOM mission. A bilateral agreement with the government of Djibouti also provides the United States with access to Djiboutis port facilities and airport. U.S. Army Maj. Gen. William Zana, commanding general of Combined Joint Task Force - Horn of Africa, welcomes Department of Defense and Department of State officials during the annual East Africa Security Forum at Camp Lemonnier, Djibouti, May 11, 2022. Dustin Jordan, 196th Maneuver Enhancement BrigadeApril 29, 2021. ), electrification - total population: 42% (2019)electrification - urban areas: 54% (2019)electrification - rural areas: 1% (2019), installed generating capacity: 130,000 kW (2020 est. Norfolk Southern train derails in Springfield, Ohio, At least 12 dead after winter storm slams South, Midwest, Trump speaks at CPAC after winning straw poll, Memphis Grizzlies star Ja Morant to "take some time away" from the team after allegedly brandishing a gun in a club, Man charged for alleged involvement in 2 transformer explosions, Promising drug could provide alternative to statins, new study finds, 3 children killed, 2 others wounded at Texas home, Nikki Haley slams potential GOP contenders, and Trump and George W. Bush, Duo of 81-year-old women plan to see the world in 80 days. The exercise included manoeuvres, flying operations for vertical replenishment, visit and board operations, and communication procedures. Djibouti hosts the only enduring U.S. military presence in Africa at Camp Lemonnier, established by formal agreement in 2003. Growth is projected to remain moderate in 2022 but to expand briskly thereafter thanks to infrastructure projects, reducing the incidence of poverty from 14.7% in 2020 to a projected . Djibouti is eligible for preferential trade benefits under the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA). The 404th MEB Soldiers earned their patches while deployed to CJTF-HOA, located at Camp Lemonnier, Djibouti, the only permanent military base on the African continent. ), fossil fuels: 98.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Principal embassy officials are listed in the Departments Key Officers List. )investment in fixed capital: 41.8% (2017 est. The U.S. had consular representation in the former colony of French Somaliland starting in 1929. ), 610,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. The open forum consisted of four sessions throughout the day and was an excellent source of information sharing and coordinating between all of the U.S. organizations working in the region. Gen. Stephen Case, deputy commanding general of Combined Joint Task Force Horn of Africa, speaks with Department of State officials during the 2022 East Africa Security Forum at Camp Lemonnier, Djibouti, May 11, 2022. Each EDRE serves to reinforce the U.S. partnership with host countries and to validate the EARFs capabilities to execute their mission across the Horn of Africa. Global AIDS Coordinator and Global Health Diplomacy, Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs, Special Representative for Syria Engagement, U.S. Security Coordinator for Israel and the Palestinian Authority, Office of the U.S. Logistics, support and transportation also play a major role in each exercise; each are coordinated amongst the team at CJTF-HOA and supporting units at Camp Lemonnier, Djibouti. In addition to policy, strategy and security, the participants were also introduced to other ways U.S. assets could be benefit East Africa. Brookelyn Nelson and . ), production: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. The signal section (J6) held a several-month training that culminated in the first combined three-day exercise with the Djiboutian military. "As the principal sourcing for the entire HOA staff, the 196th MEB owns the CJTF-HOA mission to respond to crises, ensure strategic access and influence in Djibouti, support operations in Somalia, and serve as the senior command of the Djibouti Base Cluster," said Robertson. Your Soldier is selfless and dedicated to others and they represent South Dakota and their families extremely well.". Age structure 0-14 years: 28.65% (male 140,365/female 139,299) 15-64 years: 67.21% (male 284,488/female 371,529) More than 50 US government interagency officials working in more than 10 countries throughout East Africa met together in Djibouti for the 2022 East Africa Security Forum on May 11, 2022. (approximately $120 million)2.5% of GDP (2015 est.) AFRICOM's mission is to counter transnational threats and malign actors, strengthen security forces, and respond to crises to advance U.S. interests and promote regional security, stability and prosperity. I am pleased to be here at the U.S. military base in Djibouti to focus our attention on one of our most important goalsworking with our African partners on regional peace, security and prosperity, Peter Lord, deputy assistant secretary for East Africa, Sudan, and South Sudan for, U.S. Department of State, said about the forum. Approximately 70% of the population lives in cities and towns (predominantly in the capital, Djibouti). )from consumed natural gas: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. The 404th MEB Soldiers earned their patches while deployed to CJTF-HOA, located at Camp Lemonnier, Djibouti, the only permanent military base on the African continent. A new program to pioneer early childhood education is also expected to begin in 2023. ), total population: 65.61 yearsmale: 63.04 yearsfemale: 68.25 years (2023 est. The 404th MEB Soldiers earned their patches while deployed to Combined Joint Task Force - Horn of Africa, located at Camp Lemonnier, Djibouti, the only permanent military base on the African continent. They work long days as a team to benefit the African people and other service members and they do it without complaint and with little recognition. The 404th MEB Soldiers earned their patches while deployed to CJTF-HOA, located at Camp Lemonnier, Djibouti, the only permanent military base on the African continent. According to Zana, both the earning of and the experience that comes along with a combat patch is one of those monumental, life-changing experiences. U.S. exports to Djibouti include vegetable oil, wheat, machinery, and foodstuffs. )$4,800 (2020 est. . . Kiersten Breunig, 404th MEB Public Affairs. Since July, 2021 the United States has shared 209,700 safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine doses with the people of Djibouti free of cost. note: data are in current year dollars$5.15 billion (2019 est. However, with the escalation of the ongoing Yemen conflict, Yemenis began fleeing to Djibouti in March 2015, with almost 20,000 arriving by August 2017. Djibouti enjoys a lucrative role as a landlord. Attendees and honored guests celebrated the history and heritage of the Navy Seabees which were . CAMP LEMONNIER, DJIBOUTI 03.17.2022 Story by Spc. The palm fronds indicate Africas hope to achieve unity on the continent and to build partnership throughout the world. Health care, particularly outside the capital, is limited by poor infrastructure, shortages of equipment and supplies, and a lack of qualified personnel. History of U.S. Relations With Djibouti President Biden committed the United States to be the worlds arsenal for vaccines, leading an international and coordinated vaccination effort, and announced that the United States will provide 1.2 billion doses of safe, effective vaccines free of cost to meet global needs and save lives now. I'm still puzzling over tomato beer, jackalopes, scotcheroos and so much more, that I'll have to visit and see for myself (in the summer, though! 1st Class Curtis Clements, Capt. ), $5.16 billion (2021 est.) )carbon dioxide emissions: 0.62 megatons (2016 est. Djibouti hosts modern port facilities, which enable the growth of the logistics and services sector. In December 2011, Djibouti became the third country to contribute to AMISOM. CAMP LEMONNIER, Djibouti - Rear Adm. Brad Collins, commander of Navy Region Europe, Africa, Central (EURAFCENT), toured Camp Lemonnier, Djibouti (CLDJ), surveying the Command's unique. The 196th continued the mission despite the downgraded environment. )expenditures: $899.2 million (2017 est. Cody H. Ramirez), Maj. Gen. William Zana, commanding general of Combined Joint Task Force - Horn of Africa (CJTF-HOA), returns a salute to a member of the 404th Maneuver Enhancement Brigade after placing a newly earned combat patch on the Soldier, March 17, 2022. "I knew absolutely nothing about South Dakota before encountering the 196th MEB. ), total: 24.9 yearsmale: 23 yearsfemale: 26.4 years (2020 est. International Broadcasting Bureau facilities in Djibouti transmit Arabic-language programming, and Voice of America Somali Service broadcasts to the Horn and the Arabian Peninsula. "The 196th MEB has brought boundless energy, enthusiasm, team spirit, willingness to learn, grow, and improve daily and made this headquarters and our mission exponentially better. )consumption: -62.6 million kWh (2019 est. These are the approximate positions of the U.S. Navy's deployed carrier strike groups and amphibious ready groups throughout the world as of Dec. 6, 2021, based on Navy and public data. Strategically located in the Horn of Africa at the mouth of the Red Sea, Djibouti is a key U.S. partner on security, regional stability, and humanitarian efforts across the region. This is the first time in the history of CJTF-HOA that the staff has been made up of primarily one unit. Cody H. Ramirez), Maj. Gen. William Zana, commanding general of Combined Joint Task Force - Horn of Africa (CJTF-HOA), participates in a patching ceremony with members of the 404th Maneuver Enhancement Brigade, March 17, 2022. U.S. assistance supports education, health, workforce development, renewable energy, and civil society development. The public affairs office and the information operations section attended weekly meetings with ambassadors, ensuring fluid communication between CJTF-HOA and the embassy. Maj. Gen. William Zana, Combined Joint Task Force - Horn of Africa commanding general, presided over the ceremony, noting the significance of the patching tradition and the importance of the 404th MEBs task-at-hand as primary staff and leadership with CJTF-HOA. significantly outweighs development aid to Djibouti. The U.S. Government commitment to help reduce Djiboutis high unemployment rate will continue through a new follow-on youth employment activity. We are serving in Africa during a remarkable time. Learn more about our workDelivering Vaccinesand onCOVID-19 Recovery. Instability and security concerns exist throughout the globe; it is no different for East Africa where the threat of violent extremist organizations persists. The 404th MEB Soldiers earned their patches while deployed to CJTF-HOA, located at Camp Lemonnier, Djibouti, the only permanent military base on the African continent. Djibouti deployed forces to join the AU Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) in 2011. The United Nations World Food Program is the United States largest food security partner in Djibouti. )1.2% (2020 est. That gives the service member the flexibility to work outside of their assigned military job specialty at a very high level. What makes our EDRE exercises so beneficial is that for the majority of them we are working alongside our partners in the region and at the actual DoS facilities that we may be called upon to support, said MacDonald. [3] U.S. and French forces took turns firing their weapons systems and demonstrating their capabilities. While in Timbuktu, members of the MEB trained with French counterparts and conducted operational assessments. China is building a base there too, and will be paying $100 million for theirs, according to BBC. ", "Every day presents a new challenge as we work our way through what it means for a unit-based headquarters solution to assume such a large portion of the headquarters structure," added Dailey. Members of the Wisconsin National Guard's 1967th Contingency Contracting Team at Camp Lemonnier in Djibouti during their recent deployment. "; the presence of several naval task forces in the Gulf of Aden and additional anti-piracy measures on the part of ship operators, including the use of on-board armed security teams, contributed to the drop in incidents; the EU naval mission, Operation ATALANTA, continues its operations in the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean through 2022; naval units from China, India, Japan, Pakistan, South Korea, the US, and other countries also operate in conjunction with EU forces; China has established a base in Djibouti to support its deployed naval units in the Horn of Africa, al-Shabaabnote: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T. Djibouti-Somalia: Djibouti maintains economic ties and border accords with "Somaliland" leadership while maintaining some political ties to various factions in Somalia; Djibouti-Eritrea: in 2008, Eritrean troops moved across the border on Ras Doumera peninsula and occupied Doumera Island with undefined sovereignty in the Red Sea; the Eritrean occupation of remote Doumeira Island and portions peninsula persists unabated as of September 2009; porous boundary over largely uninhabited areas provides access for smuggling and other illegal activities; as of 7 June 2010, Qatar was mediating Eritrea-Djibouti border dispute. January 31, 2022 // Staff Sgt. There have been exercises with the French, Italians and Japanese, including casualty evacuation, artillery demonstrations and emergency response planning. The 404th MEB Soldiers earned their patches while . )26.36% (2019 est. Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy, Office of the U.S. Trade Representative Country Page, U.S. Census Bureau Foreign Trade Statistics. )hydroelectricity: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. )from coal and metallurgical coke: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. note: data are in current year dollars$3.695 billion (2020 est.) )exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est. "We have service members who come with many diverse work backgrounds that enable them to contribute experience from those jobs to some of the duties they do here," said Command Sgt. . CAMP LEMONNIER, Djibouti - South Dakota National Guard Soldiers assigned to the 196th Maneuver Enhancement Brigade (MEB) are deployed to Camp Lemonnier as the core staff for Combined Joint Task. Service members with the Combined Joint Task Force Horn of Africa welcome interagency officials during the 2022 East Africa Security Forum at Camp Lemonnier, Djibouti, May 11, 2022. ), total: 7 yearsmale: 7 yearsfemale: 7 years (2011), total: 79.9%male: 78.6%female: 82.2% (2021 est. Naval base in the east African nation of Djibouti would make it impossible to run for reelection, as he would have no ability to campaign. In the late 19th century, treaties signed by the Afar sultans with the French allowed the latter to establish the colony of French Somaliland in 1862. Office of the U.S. Trade Representative Country Page "The MEB comprises 80 percent of the headquarters, but the other 20 percent are individuals from around the country that bring the missing talent the headquarters needs to succeed," said Col. David Dailey, commander, 196th MEB. "The 196th MEB's mobilization marks a pivotal moment for strategic, operational and tactical operations under AFRICOM," said Col. William Robertson, director of logistics, CJTF-HOA. Cody H. Ramirez), Command Chief Master Sgt. The MEB surgeon cell continued to support the mission while battling COVID-19. )services: 80.2% (2017 est. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 4.81% (2021 est. ), general assessment: Djibouti remains one of the last bastions where the national telco has a monopoly on all telecom services, including fixed lines, mobile, internet, and broadband; despite the country benefiting from its location as a hub for international submarine cables, prices for telecom services remain relatively high, and out of reach for a number of customers, weighing on market advancement; the Djibouti government is aiming to sell a minority stake in the incumbent telco (retaining some control of decisions) while securing the financial backing and the management acumen of a foreign operator; this is part of a larger plan to modernize the countrys economy more generally; the state expects to conduct a sale of up to 40% of the company to an international investor by the end 2022 (2022)domestic: about 4 per 100 fixed-line teledensity and nearly 44 per 100 mobile-cellular; Djibouti Telecom (DT) is the sole provider of telecommunications services and utilizes mostly a microwave radio relay network; fiber-optic cable is installed in the capital; rural areas connected via wireless local loop radio systems; mobile cellular coverage is primarily limited to the area in and around Djibouti city (2020)international: country code - 253; landing points for the SEA-ME-WE-3 & 5, EASSy, Aden-Djibouti, Africa-1, DARE-1, EIG, MENA, Bridge International, PEACE Cable, and SEACOMfiber-optic submarine cable systems providing links to Asia, the Middle East, Europe,Southeast Asia, Australiaand Africa; satellite earth stations - 2 (1 Intelsat - Indian Ocean and 1 Arabsat) (2019)note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services, state-owned Radiodiffusion-Television de Djibouti operates the sole terrestrial TV station, as well as the only 2 domestic radio networks; no private TV or radio stations; transmissions of several international broadcasters are available (2019), total: 582,921 (2020 est.
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