support@phdessay.com. . Some critics scolded the novel as being too pessimistic or obscene, too harsh for the society of the 1950's. In The Catcher in the Rye, what does Mr. Antolini's quotation, from a psychoanalyst named Wilhelm Stekel, mean? Sapir's thesis, endorsed later by Whorf, is related to the more recent view advanced by the Soviet semiotician; Lotman that language is a modelling system. Nevertheless the translators have tried to compensate this loss through distinctive methods. When Holden's roommate, Ward Stradlater, requested him to write his Englishcomposition for him, he didn't specify a subject. Just think of what could happen in cases of serious inadequacy in knowledge areas such as science, medicine, legal matters, or technology. It is a comparison of two objects when the linkage is made explicit, like drumming like a noise in dreams. One of the central questions that Holden asks in the book, and never receives a satisfactory answer to, is how can a young person die and the world, his family, accept it and move on with their lives. "The Catcher in the Rye" is supposedly being written in the first person by a sixteen-year-old boy. Holden seems to feel increasing pressure as he moves toward leaving school, and Salinger manipulates the details of Holdens physical environment to match his protagonists feelings. Gradation of epithets, that is a sequence of synonymous epithets, is constructed on a different basis in English and in Romanian. The first type of translation difficulties that could be seen in J. D. Salingers novel The Catcher in the Ray is distinguished between various uses of a word of general vocabulary. Let us help you get a good grade on your paper. Jerome David "J. D." Salinger is an American author, best known for his 1951 novel The Catcher in the Rye, as well as his reclusive nature. It occurs in Chapter 22, after Holden has slipped quietly back into his apartment and is speaking with Phoebe. ?>, Order original essay sample specially for your assignment needs, https://phdessay.com/the-importance-of-stradlaters-composition-in-the-catcher-in-the-rye/, The Catcher in The Rye: Depression Catcher, Lexical Pecularities and Translation Difficulties in the Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger., Holder In The Catcher in the Rye By J. D. Salinger, get custom Holden will probably write it because he asks for details about the assignment. False friends (or faux amis) are pairs of words in two languages or dialects (or letters in two alphabets) that look or sound similar, but differ in meaning. Type your requirements and I'll connect The terms 'explain' or 'explanation,' et cetera is frequently used in arguments. From this type of the translation difficulties used in this novel point out one of the main feature of authors style which is that the message of the novel could be better reproduse and easily understand by the reader. Idioms is a phrase whose meaning is difficult or sometimes impossible to guess by looking at the meaning of the individual words it contains. Every citizen how the rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. This is what Newmark calls "service translation.". It is an implicit comparison of two unlike objects. Transposition, thats, change of structure of the sentence may be caused by several reasons. It may have various kinds of lexical meanings (lexical-semantic) variants; it may widen or narrow its meaning and make it more abstract or concrete. In The Catcher in the Rye, what does Holden mean when he says, "Don't ever tell anybody anything. These words express scientific and social-politic notions. Holden wouldn't stop talking about Jane and kept calling him a moron and insulting him Where did Holden go immediately after the fight? Modernism was distinguished by an emancipator met narrative. In 1996, a small publisher announced a deal with Salinger to publish "Hapworth 16, 1924" in book form, but amid the ensuing publicity, the release was indefinitely delayed. There are three types of stylistic devices which were used by the author in The catcher in the Ray: Dictionary and contextual (Metaphors, metonymy, irony etc. After a dry and unappetizing steak dinner in the dining hall, Holden gets into a snowball fight with some of the other Pencey boys. First and foremost, Stradlater strikes Holden as a "hotshot," which in his lexicon is another word for "phony.". Grammatical transformations are characterized by various principles grammatical and lexical as well, though the principal role is given to grammatical ones. It is obvious from the start that Holden uses the hat as a mark of individuality and independence. They used to live near each other and hung out over the summer, Holden really liked her. We also see how alienated he feels. The difficulties involved in translating an idiom are totally different from those involved in interpreting it. If Fred and Joe address the issue of whether or not Fred's cat has fleas, Joe may state: "Fred, your cat has fleas. Since there is never a good coincidence of meaning between phraseologisms, there is a very high risk of finding others that have different metaphors, a different meaning, and are not at all fit for specific cases. He has different perspective to other people, even though he has a. Mr. Antolini advises him to begin applying himself and provides Holden with a place to sleep. Your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over. Romanian translation used either obsolete or dialectal / regional words and expressions (or both) through out the novel and this can point out an obvious difference of language use between generations. They are sometimes called dead metaphors. The author used in his work epithets in order to make the reader to see easily the true in the navel and to create interest for reading the novel which would capture readers attention quickly and without any questions. Metaphor is inherent in language. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. The example for this wrd with its meanings could be like I left the goddam foils andstuff on the subway (J. D. Salinger: p.170 in English and Am uitat blestmatele aleade florete ?i tot echipamentul in metrou. and throughthis example ispinted out that the author used not only the main meaning of the word. American Literature books summary. As mentioned above, the language in The Catcher in the Rye contains many American slang expressions. In both cases, we sense that although Holden envisions himself as the protector rather than the one to be protected, he is the one who really needs to be caught. Read more about relationships, intimacy, and sexuality as a motif. The Romanian version faithfully and accurately kept and rendered Salingers use of intonational stress and italicized words, which represents an important case of gain. Modernism as a literary movement is seen, in large part, as a reaction to the emergence of city life as a central force in society. Join the dicussion. Michael Cart, "Famous Firsts. [5:p.66-67]. flight weather turbulence forecast; best suv to lease under $500 a month; angels have paws grooming tallahassee; why is ruby red squirt discontinued. Why does Holden hate Ackley? Lexical Pecularities and Translation Difficulties inThe Catcher in the Rye by J. D.Salinger. is a thesis that was chosen in order to identify these important features. It cost him damn near four thousand bucks. This type contain two subtypes and one of these subtypes is Interjections and Exclamatory words which are words that that we use when we express our feelings strongly and which may be said to exist in language as conventional symbols of human emotions. D Salinger. Holdens kindness to Ackley in Chapter 5 comes as a surprise after the disdain that Holden has displayed for him in the previous two chapters. The purpose of metaphor is to liven up the text, make it more colorful, dramatic and witty - that is, metaphor carries out an emotive function. Please wait while we process your payment. While applying some grammatical or lexical transformation in translation the translator is guided by principle of rendering grammatical of lexical meaning. Both physical and emotional relationships offer Holden opportunity to break out of his isolated shell. During a great period of searching it was identified three types of translation difficulty: In his article `On Linguistic Aspects of Translation', Jacobson distinguished three types of translation: But Dagut's distinction between `translation' and `reproduction', like Catford's distinction between `literal' and `free' translation does not take into account the view that sees translation as semiotic change. Sometimes in translation, the translator will face some problems related to the equivalences of source and target languages. This is characterized by different functioning of a word in language, different in usage and combinability, but even the primary meaning of an English word maybe wider of the corresponding one in Russian. As he finishes the essay, Holden can hear Ackley snoring and comments that one has to feel sorry for Ackley when one considers all the problems he has.". The main reasons for the novels extensive banning refer to the colloquial and slang language used by Holden Caulfield and to the books sexual content. To respect, whenever possible, all the syntax and lexical repetitions, shoot the bull = telling lies, small talk. Afterward, he smokes a cigarette in the room just to annoy Stradlater. In the past few decades, this activity has developed because of rising international trade, increased migration, globalization, the recognition of linguistic minorities, and the expansion of the mass media and technology. Salinger uses symbolism in his works also to foreshadow a better life. Holden is very afraid of growing up and is also afraid of the unknown. Get expert help in mere Intra-lingual translation or rewording (an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs in the same language). Rev. (Chapter 16, page 121) Holden also mentions that he is troubled by the fact that he has changed every time he returns to them. He feels guilty that he, who lives because he is not sick like Allie was, is inferior and stupid. As was pointed out, The Catcher in the Rye contains several words and expressions that are used mainly in American English or have a different meaning in American and British English. Ace your assignments with our guide to The Catcher in the Rye! They think that society is harmful and they dont like to be in it. One of those little English jobs that can do around hundred miles an hour. Let us know your assignment type and we'll make sure to get you exactly the kind of answer you need. One might think that if the distinction can be made, people are home free and the computer can produce an acceptable translation. collected. All three of these symbols have great significance in this book. The New Republic, Vol. Holdens actions are inconsistent with his opinions, but instead of making him seem like a hypocrite, this makes him more likable: he is kind to Ackley without commenting on it, and he shows himself capable of going to the movies with his friends like a normal teenager. Themes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work. Here, we see how deeply his desire for independence is connected to his feeling of alienation, to the bitterness he has for the rest of the world. The only instances that create problems for the translator are the stable, recurrent lexical idioms that for their metaphorical meaning do not rely only on the readers logic at the moment of reading but also, and above all, on the value that such a metaphor has assumed in the history of the language under discussion. Throughout the novel The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger obtain numerous symbols that persist in the book. It may have various kinds of lexical meanings (lexical-semantic) variants; it may widen or narrow its meaning and make it more abstract and concrete. It's ironic because Stradlater is a good student, and Holden is being kicked out of school for failing. In addition it can be concluded that the given paper may serve as didactic material for those students and teachers who are interested in the process of tranlation and in the identification of the translation difficulties in a conten from source language into target language and in the work with the lexical peccularities, also this research paper may be used durin the courses tied with translation. In this case, a translator who is not familiar with the idiom in question may easily accept the literal interpretation and miss the play on idiom. Holden is an immature boy who in trying to seem older tends to lean more towards phoniness, a quality he despises in others. The only thing that would be different would be you. " The Romanian version of the Salingers The Catcher in the Rye is based the interpretation. In the preparatory phase of a translation, cognition, in the form of self-consciousness and self-confidence, plays a very important role, inasmuch as this period implies conscious mental activities, where translating problems are detected and analyzed, and information and knowledge are accumulated. Every translation activity has one or more specific purposes and whichever they may be, the main aim of translation is to serve as a cross-cultural bilingual communication vehicle among peoples. By the late 1950s, as Salinger became more reclusive and involved in religious study, Hamilton notes that his stories became longer, less plot-driven, and increasingly filled with digression and parenthetical remarks. Use of short sentences and AND clauses that link short sentences: That isnt too far from this crumby place. Lying and deception are the most obvious and hurtful elements of the larger category of phoniness. The pond is in transition between two states, just as Holden is in transition between childhood and adulthood. Modernist writers were more acutely conscious of the objectivity of their surroundings. As the book progresses, however, we learn that Holden has built cynical psychological armour around himself to protect himself from the complexities of the world. Afterwards, he smokes a cigarette in the room just to annoy Stradlater." He later gets into a fight with Stradlater over a crush . Translators false friends result from transferring the sounds of a source language word literally into the target language. He likes it when things are very simple and easily understandable. His monologues are actually a linked association of ideas: he begins talking about his childhood, which leads him to his parents; then, while mentioning his New York adventures, he says that his brother already knows all about it, so he starts talking about his brother, that he has a talent for writing, but now lives in Hollywood wasting his energies in movies, which enables Holden to express his opinion about movies. If the two senses of the same word do not seem to fit, yet seem related, then it is likely that they are polysemous. Latest answer posted February 26, 2021 at 10:56:04 AM. Joe has made an argument that the cat has fleas. In fact his main goal is to resist maturing. The incident involving the composition about Allie's baseball glove and the fight with Stradlater is intended to establish that Holden has a talent for writing--but only when he feels like writing and only when he can choose the topic. eNotes Editorial, 22 Dec. 2012, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-did-holden-decide-write-about-stradlaters-311210. Though he was two years younger than Holden, Holden says that Allie was the most intelligent member of his family. Holden is dealing with the loss of his brother, the fact that he his still a child on his way to adulthood and some serious emotions. Inter-semiotic translation or transmutation (an interpretation of verbal signs of non-verbal sign systems). Creative solutions to translation problems; Transfer and re-wording (use of translation procedures); Assessment of the result and post-edition; One difficulty in translation stems from the fact that most words have multiple meanings. Another epithet that was used by the author in his novel is hardly ever listened (J. D. Salinger: 6) This is a reserved epithet because it is composed of two words linked by a preposition and it was chosen in order to point out to the reader that speech of old Spenser was not a clear one and not understandable one for the listener. SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4.99/month or $24.99/year as selected above. Holden introduced her to Stradlater, because he didn't want to date her himself. However, the story had reached a turning point and Holden was at the height of his preoccupation, therefore, he could not think on the directions, so he decided to write about a baseball glove. The term translators false friends (les faux amis) was introduced by the French theorists of translation M. Koessler and J. Derocquigny in 1928. Inter-lingual translation or translation proper (an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language). The best thing, though, in that museum was that everything always stayed right where it was. To accomplish this matter we are going to focus our attention on several points that are important elements of the lexical peculiarities and translation difficulties and that reflect in an accurate way the main meanig of the writing and more specifically. When comparing the grammatical categories and forms of English and other languages are identify the following differences: Absence of conforming form, partial correspondence, differences in character and use urge translators to make necessary grammatical transformations while translating some piece. In the book The Catcher in the Rye, in chapter 20, why does Holden do his "bullet in the guts" number again? Then if he does it, he does it his way. The second problem consists in the identification of phraseologisms under a given entry: "to be between hammer and anvil" can be found under the words "between", or "anvil", or "hammer", or "be", but certainly if it is present under one entry it is absent in all the other entries, otherwise the dictionary would be too redundant. However, if Fred and Joe agree on the fact that the cat has fleas, they may further question why this is so and put forth an explanation: "The reason the cat has fleas is that the weather has been damp." His last published work, a novella entitled "Hapworth 16, 1924," appeared in The New Yorker on June19, 1965. He says he would like to protect the children from falling off the edge of the cliff by catching them if they were on the verge of tumbling over. Paradigmatic and semantic relations are characteristic to any words and the lexical potential of words can be revealed in both cases. Translation must take into account a number of constraints, including context, the rules of grammar of the two languages, their writing conventions, and their idioms. It was the first time an author, dared to tell it how it really is and tried to open America's eyes to understand the thoughts of a typical adolescent teenager. Symbols are objects, characters, figures, or colors used to represent abstract ideas or concepts. In Salingers Catcher in the Rye Holden Caulfields entire plot deals with him trying to isolate from society. The main strategy used was the practical act of comparing the above-mentioned versions, focusing on the importance of Salingers writing style and use of language (already discussed in the first chapters), on discussing mainly the cases of misunderstandings and mistranslations, of problems of equivalence, of losses and gains, of linguistic untranslatability, of the translators visibility or invisibility in the TT, on accuracy in translation, adaptability, fidelity and faithfulness or infidelityall these cases seconded by examples in point and by my personal suggestions of other possible translations of certain (more challenging) words or passages from Salingers novel. 2, August 1951, 82. Another fight with Stradlater Feb 13, 2023 - Feb 14, 2023 Not with poetry, and not even with prose, where the difficulty is generally assumed to be less. The hat is eccentric and displays Holdens desires to be diverse from everyone else around him, yet at the same time Holden is very self-conscious about the red hunting hat. This is the cause of much difficulty inthinking criticallyaboutclaims. The ability to distinguish senses by collocation is an invaluable asset to a translator working from a foreign language. The conclusion is that the Romanian translation played an innovatory role and an influential one in the literary system of the native country by breaking the norms of the TL, in order to render the stylistic qualities of the ST, and by introducing the use of slang language into Romanian, as a new and alternative means of expression. J. D. Salinger used the simple epithet pretty lousy (J. you to an academic expert within 3 minutes. His calls to Jane Gallagher are aborted for a similar reason: to protect his precious and fragile sense of individuality. He is frightened because he is guilty of the sins he criticizes in others, and because he can't understand everything around him. Recurring themes in Salinger's stories also connect to the ideas of innocence and adolescence, including the "corrupting influence of Hollywood and the world at large", the absence of connects between teenagers and "phony" adults, and the perceptive, precocious intelligence of children. In this first chapter were also presented major biographical data on Salingers life and on his literary works in chronological order in order to emphasize the similarities and differences between his life and some of the events presented in his fiction. He is also mad because he knows that it is impossible to keep from kids getting their innocence taken away. Salinger is one of the best twentieth-century America authors. He just got a Jaguar. He feels like he has a duty to save other people from growing up and maturing. Much of Salinger's reputation, which he acquired after publication of The Catcher in the Rye, is derived from thoughtful and sympathetic insights into both adolescence and adulthood, his use of symbolism, and his idiomatic style, which helped to re-introduce the common idiom to American literature. Associated with the noun following it, pointing out to a feature which is essential to the object they describe; Unassimilated with the noun, epithets that add a feature which is unexpected and which strike the reader. There are certain elements in every language which make reference to something else within the text or context of situation for their interpretation. The popularity of the novel and debate over its redeeming social value have never faltered since its initial publication, due in no large part to the fact that J.D. It should be mentioned that word combinability is possible if words point to similar objects they denote. answer choices He had been expelled because he failed four of five subjects. The hat represents distance from society and insecurity. This offends Stradlater, who refuses to answer. In this chapter should be tried to focus mainly on the social and cultural contexts from the USA and Romania, as well as on some linguistic problems raised by Salingers use of highly colloquial and taboo language in The Catcher. Modernists shared a common purpose. Ive selected Holdens red hunting hat, the Museum of Natural History, and the Ducks in Central Park Lagoon. He also tends to be emotionally distant and uncommunicative. The Holy book gave him peace. It is a memorable moment, because Holden clearly lacks such willingness in other aspects of his life. The writer also used this stylistic devise like comparison in order to give a clear description of Ackley through the next comparison dirty as hell( J.D.Salinger:19)and the author pointed out that there are people that dont look very good as using the rules that are taken in society for a good looking. Indeed, the cynicism that Holden uses to avoid expressing his feelings may result from Allies death. His catcher in the rye fantasy reflects his innocence, his belief in pure, uncorrupted youth, and his desire to protect that spirit; on the other hand, it represents his extreme disconnection from reality and his naive view of the world. Mr. Antolini guesses that Holden feels disconnected from his environment, and, as we have already seen, his assessment is accurate. 52) The red hunting hat is inseparable from the image of Holden Caufield, with good reason. But Holden's interaction with Mr. Antolini is the event that precipitates his full-blown breakdown. As he demonstrates at the Museum of Natural History, Holden likes the world to be silent and frozen, predictable and unchanging. False cognates, by contrast, are similar words in different languages that appear to have a common historical linguistic origin (whatever their current meaning) but actually do not. The types of the lexical peculiarities and their meanig would be pointed out in the context of this reserch paper. In English language such unexpected word combinations are formed very easily. 48 Vitosha Boulevard, ground floor, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria Bulgarian reg. This may be intended to explain why he doesn't write about his adventures and misadventures in New York until some time after these events have occurred. This leads to the interpretation that using the same linguistic pattern denotes a more faithful translation. His random and repeated lying highlights his own self-deceptionhe refuses to acknowledge his own shortcomings and is unwilling to consider how his behavior affects those around him. Accessed 4 Mar. Holden responds with this image, which reveals his fantasy of idealistic childhood and of his role as the protector of innocence. In much the same way arguments and explanations may be confused with each other, so too may explanations and justifications. What is Holden's view of women and girls in The Catcher in the Rye? The most frequent types of difficulties arising from translation that can be proposed to assess in any translation are the following: The method of penalization of errors must be previously established, using clear criteria, and placing emphasis on the lack of coherence, especially regarding meaning and sense, whether it is due to faulty translation, missing items or the wrong application of lexical, semantic, grammatical, graphemic and/or cultural transfer.