intramuscular injection sites in dogs and cats

What are the indications for this medication? 0000013990 00000 n If the dog experiences any pain during or after the injection, you may want to massage the area to relieve the discomfort. insulin. Some tips for giving your dog an IM injection: -Locate the injection site. Several reasons may contribute to post-injection stiffness, including age, previous injuries, and overexertion. Local Anesthetic Intradermal Injections, 48. o [ canine influenza] 0000018063 00000 n There are also many other sites that work well, including the gluteal muscle. This is the route used for administration of most injections and vaccinations/boosters. Before giving your dog an IM, you should know which muscles are used in this procedure. Single surgeon 4 quarter/corner drape, large paper drape, Ioban adhesive skin protector, 30. vN4@ -u[bEj'D&dZ}_AXUA^lZhJ&$,kdw$`d1hO4P. An excellent example of this is the eradication of Aujeszky disease (porcine herpesvirus 1) from commercial swine in many developed countries with the aid of DIVA vaccines. Subcutaneous injections are administered at an angle of 45 degrees to 90 degrees, depending on the amount of subcutaneous tissue. supplies, Pet Nail Trimmers and Blood Stop Products, guide to the different types of needles and syringes, over-the-counter syringes and needles of all sizes, 5 Important Tips for Keeping Pets Safe From Coronavirus, 2020 Guide to the Best Dog and Cat Dewormer, Your Guide On How To Treat Eye Infections In Dogs, 5 Common Mistakes to Avoid When Giving Insulin to Your Pet, Fish Doxycycline: Antibiotics for Your Aquatic Amigo, What to Know About Administering Injections to Animals, Syringes and Needle Types Uses and Safe Disposal. The dose varies with the size of the animal patient, the severity of the condition under treatment, and the animal's response to therapy. For this reason, most medications given at home are designed to be administered subcutaneously. ex) adult heart worm treatment in dogs-lumbar muscle, some vaccines in horses-neck or rear leg muscles, vaccines in cattle/pigs-neck muscles just distal to the ear. Drugs given into muscles are absorbed very quickly because there is a good blood supply to muscle tissue. Another good spot is over the ribs, well behind the shoulder. Depending on the vaccination, youll need a combination of powder and liquid. Enter search terms to find related veterinary topics, multimedia and more. This approach is excellent for relatively small numbers of animals and for diseases in which systemic immunity is important. This route is not suitable for administration of irritant medications as they may cause severe skin reaction and damage. The best sites include the quadriceps muscle, lumbar epaxial musculature, and hind leg. 0 This approach is excellent for relatively small numbers of animals and for diseases in which systemic immunity is important. This is despite Alfaxan Multidose not currently being licenced in the UK for intramuscular (IM) use. An intravenous injection (IV injection), into a vein, provides the fastest method of drug distribution. If your pet is uncomfortable after an intramuscular injection, dont give it any more. After your dog is positioned, insert the needle. Single-use, disposable needles ensure that the needle tip is very sharp to minimize pain. 0000004353 00000 n Make sure you read the release form that youll receive from the vet so that you can be sure the shot is safe. In contrast, material injected into the lumbar area and cranial region of the thigh was located entirely in the muscle bellies. A positive action for insertion of needles into muscles reduces muscle damage and pain and massaging the site after injection disperses the injection and may help to reduce pain. Some vaccines may induce immunity that persists for an animal's lifetime. Vaccines should never be mixed indiscriminately because one component may dominate and interfere with responses to the other components. %PDF-1.3 % Massage will increase circulation and help the body heal itself. Think about where you are standing when placing an IM injection into the hind quarters in cattle to avoid the risk of being kicked e.g. Intramuscular injections are more painful than subcutaneous ones. Posted by CalVetSupply.com on 9/6/2019 to, Free Standard Shipping on orders over $49, Newborn, Orphaned and Critically Ill Animal Support, IV sets, gloves, instruments, and other misc. 0000001301 00000 n Several sites can be used to inject into the muscle. We do not control or have responsibility for the content of any third-party site. Also see pet health content regarding vaccines and immunotherapy in animals Vaccines and Immunotherapy The immune system protects the body against foreign invaders such as bacteria and other microorganisms that can cause disease. Keep reading to find out more! Essential (or core) vaccines should be given to all animals of a species, and veterinarians should ensure that immunity is maintained throughout an animal's life by appropriate revaccination. In this lab, we will examine the epaxial muscles as an IM injection site. The commonly adopted technique and site for intramuscular injection in the cat are described, and the often resulting inadequacy and risk are discussed. Introduction-what exactly is a clinical skill? IM vaccines are generally given in the thick muscle at the back of the thighs. Injection into muscle is not without some risk since there are many important structurese.g. Use to remove results with certain terms Syringe Handling 1 ml and Practice Technique Using 2 Pieces of Tape, 9. 0000012017 00000 n Most medications are given subcutaneously. Most commonly used in cats but also acceptable for small dogs (the volume is fairly large for IM injection in medium-large dogs) Quick tip: The combination is generally dosed as approximately 0.1-0.2 mL per 4.5 kg (10lb) patient body weight of each drug. What happens if I 'miss' with an injection? Owners can easily be taught to give injections in this way, e.g. Following intramuscular injection of methylprednisolone acetate, a prolonged systemic effect results. Intramuscular IM Injection Sites for Dogs and Cats. Fish and shrimp may be vaccinated by immersion in a solution of antigen, which is absorbed through their skin and gills. Use a disinfectant or cleaner on these surfaces. startxref With a little practice, however, most pet owners find that they have no problems administering routine injections to their dog without assistance. Intramuscular injection demonstration Show more Show more 3:57 16K views 61K views 8 months ago 5 years ago Almost yours: 2 weeks, on us 100+ live channels are waiting for you with zero hidden. This practice removes air bubbles in the formula, which can cause medical chaos during the injection process. 2023 Bishops Stortford Vets Registered in England 07961322 VAT No. The Journal of small animal practice. Medications are administered directly into the vein via an IV. Dispose of the needle and syringe into a properly labeled needle disposal container. SHARES. Intramuscular-within the muscle, different specific sites are indicated for SA, EQ, and FA! 0000033974 00000 n 0000014104 00000 n The most frequently used sites for IV injections in the dog are the cephalic and lateral saphenous veins. However, with the right knowledge, anyone can learn how to do this effectively and painlessly. This article will answer your questions about IM administration in dogs. It has long been standard practice to use exactly the same vaccine for boosting an immune response as was used when first priming an animal. However, there is no reason why different forms of a vaccine could not be used for priming and for boosting. 0000008463 00000 n Some clients find that it is easiest to give their dog an injection while he is eating a meal. Your veterinarian will prescribe the appropriate needles and syringes for your pet's needs. Some owners prefer not to wear gloves as they feel it is more awkward. Individual animal and vaccine variability make it difficult to estimate the duration of protective immunity. Next, pinch a section of skin that is approximately one to two inches in diameter. 33 IM Intramuscular Injections Injections can be given via several routes its important to double check your labels and formulary-giving medications via the wrong route or wrong dose is a common in malpractice law suites. Modified live vaccines, however, may induce a protective primary immune response and some immunologic memory. All Rights Reserved. The interval between vaccine doses depends on an animal's immunologic memory. These intramuscular injections are usually on the neck, chest, glute, or hind leg, though it may differ depending on the animal, there are fewer pain receptors is muscle tissues making it an ideal site for more irritating or viscous medications. These muscle tissues have less pain receptors and are ideal for viscous medications. << /Length 5 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> In addition to respiratory signs, decreased egg production and egg quality are common, and nephritis read more and Newcastle disease Newcastle Disease in Poultry Newcastle disease is an infection of domestic poultry and other bird species with virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The needle may bend, but it is much more likely that the injection may end up outside the pet rather than inside when dealing with a wiggly pet. However, manufacturers have recognized this and modified vaccines accordingly. You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked. All Rights Reserved. Want to create or adapt books like this? 1|fU=lhT~=ie>K /7w/k$e}t}GKi^k,3I[L3Ig:MTZj%ZgFn+0&%onj2L&Lrk.mtw:Gj,;O*G/c.|W>]ig"nx v6if[nv'/eRfJ{BWO0#$M(K@Y It is now common practice to rate vaccines according to their importance. Introduction to Clinical Skills and Tidy Up Time. Alternatively, a vaccine may be administered in feed or drinking water, eg, vaccination of poultry for Newcastle disease and avian encephalomyelitis Avian Encephalomyelitis Avian encephalomyelitis is a viral infection affecting the CNS of several species of birds. what does hong kong flight departure mean shein. stream Reporting Animal Cruelty: The Role of the Veterinarian Manual (MN-Animal Folks), 26. INTRAMUSCULAR USE OF ALFAXALONE IN CATS A PubMed search of "alfaxalone" and "intramuscular" produces over 200 hits with studies involving both cats and dogs, but also ranging from hedgehogs and ducks to bearded dragons and koalas. o [alopecia OR hair loss ], , BVMS, BSc, PhD, DSc (Hons), DACVM, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University. Cystocentesis Practice Model and FNA Model, 19. When administering an intramuscular injection to your dog, its essential to have a good technique. 209.59.143.216 0000003707 00000 n Before injecting your pet with medication, youll want to clean the injection site and the bottle well. Copyright var date = new Date(); document.write(date.getFullYear()); California Veterinary Supply. Effective administration of medicine is a key part of most veterinary treatments and many medications are most effective when given by injection. The DHLPP combination vaccine protects your dog against distemper, hepatitis, leptospirosis, parvo, and parainfluenza. 0000031365 00000 n Subcutaneous- just under the skin in subcutaneous fat layer, ex) Penicillin G, SQ fluids, vaccines-check label! Gently and quickly push the needle into the muscle at a 90 degree angle. Use of a fine needle minimizes discomfort. Often a restraining device is required because these can be painful and post a risk to the animal and to you. Signs include tremors, ataxia, and weakness that progresses to paralysis. 0000028815 00000 n These vaccines can be administered during your dog's yearly exam. Appropriate sites for intramuscular injection are: The hamstrings (muscles at the back of the thigh) should generally be avoided due to the possibility of damage to the important sciatic nerve that runs in this area. Already have a myVCA account? Avoid pinching the skin too hard with your fingers. Be sure to look up medication in a veterinary drug formulary to double check indication, dose, side effects and contrary use indications as well as medication incompatibility, drug withholding time for food animals is absolutely vital as well as what drugs are forbidden to use in food animal species, as well as where to inject in food animal species so as not to disrupt or contaminate certain cuts of meat. If youre unsure, contact the vet right away for a proper diagnosis and treatment. This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. SOP: INJECTIONS IN DOGS AND CATS I. If you are unsure about which site is best for your dog, read this article before scheduling an appointment. Different Syringe Tips and Their Uses, 53. This problem can be resolved by removing a nonprotective antigen from the vaccine. You should use a clean, straight movement when inserting the needle, and never push too deep. The cranial border of femur marks the most caudal aspect of the quadriceps muscle group. This is because intramuscular tissue is rich with blood and the medication absorbs more rapidly this way. Learning motor skills, the basics (Evertoon), 2. 68NFDFI 0000062989 00000 n 5 40 When it comes to administering medications to dogs, where is the best site for an IM injection? This technique can also be used for subcutaneous injections, though penetration of a blood vessel is far less likely to occur here. Learning motor skills, the basics (Evertoon), 2. Use OR to account for alternate terms 0000011041 00000 n Tapping the barrel while it is needle-side-up pushes the bubbles to the tip. Optional (or non-core) vaccines protect animals against sporadic, mild, or uncommon diseases and should only be used when circumstances warrant and when the benefits clearly outweigh the risks involved. The veterinarians instructions or the label on the container will tell you the volume of medication that needs to be injected. o [pig guinea] What are the benefits of giving your dog an IM? The following may help you make your decision. Certain medical conditions can be controlled by the use of drugs that are only available in an injectable formulation. When a mixture of antigens is given to an animal simultaneously, they may compete with one another. 4 Rub the injection site with an alcohol swab. 0000025191 00000 n The vet may also be able to mimic the injection. Intramuscular injections in dogs can be performed on the quadriceps, lumbodorsal, or triceps muscle. %PDF-1.3 In fact, it can lead to infection. IM injections for canines are generally performed in the thigh muscles on the front of the rear limb or the hamstring muscles on the backside of the rear leg. IM injections should be given using a shorter needle than subcutaneous injections. Be extremely cautious while administering intramuscular injections because the sciatic nerve is located in the middle of the leg. For example, intranasal vaccines protect: cattle against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis Viral Infections Associated with Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex in Cattle Bovine herpesvirus 1 infections are widespread in the cattle population. Combinations usually involve priming with a DNA plasmid vaccine and boosting with either a vectored recombinant vaccine or with adjuvanted protein antigens. In contrast to subcutaneous injections, intramuscular injections are more preferred because they allow for a faster absorption of medication. Standard size needles recommended are 18 to 20-gauge needle from 1 to 1.5 inches long. The needle used for subcutaneous injections should be 0.5 to 1 inch in length. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. Wearing disposable gloves is a useful measure for giving injections. This factsheet will only consider the intramuscular and subcutaneous routes as these are the techniques most likely to be encountered by cat owners. Dog Restraint For Cephalic Blood Draw/IV Catheter, 18. Set up your myVCA account today. Owners should be made aware that protection can be maintained reliably only when vaccines are used in accordance with the protocol approved by vaccine licensing authorities. Putting Skills Together as it Matters in Clinical Practice, 5. Intranasal vaccines, e.g. Once the area is ready, hold the syringe with your dominant hand. Contact your vet for advice. Animal Welfare Education Tool to Create Syllabus for Animal Welfare Course (AVMA), 34. The simultaneous administration of multiple vaccines to an animal does not present difficulties to the immune system of normal, healthy animals. 0000033224 00000 n The Merck Veterinary Manual was first published in 1955 as a service to the community. Adverse Reactions to Spot-on Flea and Tick Products. A dogs vaccines are usually administered using a subcutaneous injection. ALWAYS look it up! Other vaccines may require boosting only once every 23 years. 0000000016 00000 n For felines, the skin over the middle of the back or just behind the shoulders works well. Having someone assist you will make the procedure easier. The trusted provider of veterinary information since 1955, Vaccine Failure and Other Adverse Events in Animals, Last review/revision Jul 2020 | Modified Nov 2022. Affiliate of Mars Inc. 2023 | Copyright VCA Animal Hospitals all rights reserved. These intramuscular injections are usually on the neck, chest, glute, or hind leg, though it may differ depending on the animal, there are fewer pain receptors is muscle tissues making it an ideal site for more irritating or viscous medications. It is normal for most dogs to have a bit of a limp or walk funny after getting an intramuscular injection to the leg area. A veterinarian will use the most appropriate site for your dog's IM injection. You should contact both your veterinarian and your doctor for advice. The skin should be slightly loose at this area. If some may have been received, the safest course of action is to give no more. Looking for a convenient way to access your pets health records, refill prescriptions, view upcoming appointments and more? These areas of the dogs body have fewer pain receptors, making them a great choice for IMs. Published 1 May 1973. Inactivated vaccines are not very effective in conferring protective immunity in the face of maternal antibodies. As for intravenous injections, you usually need to leave those to the veterinarian. The other main means of administering treatment is via the mouth and digestive system the oral route. How to give a Dog and a Cat an IM (Intramusular) injection? It is important to note that modified live vaccines against viruses that cause abortion should not be used in pregnant animals, because the vaccine itself may cause abortion. Find multiple intramuscular or subcutaneous injection sites. 0000002320 00000 n In feedlot cattle, the respiratory form is most common. However, passive antibody titers decrease exponentially. Verify and double check everything. Most pet owners find that their pet becomes cooperative for these life-sustaining injections over time. Additionally, a used needle can be painful for your dog. Make sure the dog sees the syringe before giving it. 0000019303 00000 n Bladder Stones (Struvite) in Dogs Blastomycosis is a Systemic Fungal infection Affecting Dogs and Cats Bloat - The Mother of All Emergencies Bloat: First Aid Bloody Nose (Epistaxis) in Dogs and Cats Bones are Unsafe for Your Dog, No Bones about It Brachial Plexus Avulsion in Dogs and Cats Can this medication be given to this species? Abbreviations are often used for injection routes, e.g. Viral Infections Associated with Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex in Cattle, Overview of Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex. Procedure Summary & Goal a. However, the use of nebulised drugs means that the patient must breathe air containing the drug. However, local immunity is sometimes more important than systemic immunity, and in these cases it is more appropriate to administer the vaccine at the site of microbial invasion. Dog Restraint for Lateral Saphenous Blood Draw/IV Catheter, 17. Fortunately, there are some ways to avoid these risks. 0000019180 00000 n Unfortunately, these techniques require handling each individual animal. When ready to inject, ensure the syringe is fully pushed into the needle hub to stop the syringe and injection To administer the injection, use a 0.5-inch-long needle. 0000030652 00000 n Newborn animals are passively protected by maternal antibodies and, in general, cannot be vaccinated until maternal immunity has waned. The first step in giving a canine intramuscular injection is to prepare the needle and syringe.