[25][26], After the death of Lois Roden in November 1986 and probate of her estate in January 1987, Howell attempted to gain control of Mount Carmel Center by force. [98] The Branch Davidians pressed this issue before the United States Supreme Court. The Special Counsel noted, by contrast, that recorded interceptions of Branch Davidian conversations included such statements as "David said we have to get the fuel on" and "So we light it first when they come in with the tank right right as they're coming in." Several Branch Davidians made statements in the video. "Tanks, chemicals couldn't break resolve of cultists", Associated Press, Washington Times, April 23, 1993. A suggested reason may have been an accidental discharge of a weapon, possibly by an ATF agent, causing the ATF to respond with fire from automatic weapons. Only a small chapel, built years after the siege, stands on the site.[94]. Alongside these charges, Roden was jailed for six months for legal motions he filed with explicit language. Koresh claimed he could talk to God and unlock the Seven Seals in the Bible's Book of Revelation. NY Post-Disastrous Waco raid 30 years ago still fuels extremism. The original CEV2 has mechanical difficulties (damaged tread); its replacement breaches through back side of compound. Diana R. Fuentes, "Davidian Told Grand Jury of Arming before the Raid,", House investigators determined that "someone" at BATF lied to the military about the Davidians being involved with drugs in order to get U.S. Army Special Forces and other military aid, in violation of the. "We hope to see him again. AT MONTANA SITE", "Righting Waco: Confessions of a Hollywood Propagandist < Killing the Buddha", "Bill Hicks Waco Bradley Tank Setting Fire To The Compound", "Flamethrowing Tanks Gave U.S. the Edge on Iwo Jima", Day 51 Waco Tragedy Memorial & Information, link to film, "Review: The problematic 'Waco' recasts cult leader David Koresh as a sympathetic figure", "25 Years Ago, Sepultura Release Groundbreaking Chaos A.D.", "Indelicates announce 'imminent' new album", "The Indelicates: David Koresh Superstar", "Oregon Map In Real Life Mount Carmel Center", "EPIC SCRIPTED EVENT SERIES "WACO," LANDS ON SPIKE TV", "Michael Shannon & Taylor Kitsch Topline Weinstein Co. Series 'Waco', Based On 1993 Siege", Archive.org Link to online and PDF versions, "Texas Department of Public Safety, Texas Rangers Branch Davidian Evidence Reports", Texas Rangers Investigative Report, Branch Davidian Evidence, September 1999, s:Report of the Department of the Treasury on the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms Investigation of Vernon Wayne Howell Also Known as David Koresh September 1993, "Weapons Possessed by the Branch Davidians", s:Report to the Justice and Treasury Departments regarding law enforcement interaction with the Branch Davidians in Waco, Texas, s:Correspondence to Deputy Attorney General Heymann regarding Waco Report Addendum, s:Report to the Deputy Attorney General on the Events at Waco, Texas. [31][33] Howell also said that God had told him to start building an "Army for God" to prepare for the end of days and a salvation for his followers. Roland Ballesteros, one of the agents assigned to the ATF door team that assaulted the front door, told Texas Rangers and Waco police that he thought the first shots came from the ATF dog team assigned to neutralize the Branch Davidians' dogs, but later at the trial, he insisted that the Branch Davidians had shot first. Recalling the April 19, 1985, The Covenant, The Sword, and the Arm of the Lord (CSA) siege in Arkansas (which was ended without loss of life by a blockade without a deadline), President Clinton suggested similar tactics against the Branch Davidians. [55] Other reports claim the first shots were fired by the ATF "dog team" sent to kill the dogs in the Branch Davidian kennel. [78]) to her claim that Linda Thompson's "Unorganized Militia of the United States" was on the way to Waco "either to help Koresh or to attack him. 3 La Vega brings home state title for first time, No. ", "Freemen, FBI standoff drags on, Lessons of Waco put into practice, "LAST OF FREEMEN SURRENDER TO F.B.I. Postal Service mail carrier who was coincidentally Koresh's brother-in-law. Kevin A. Whitecliff convicted of voluntary manslaughter and using a firearm during a crime. [83][89], Whether the Branch Davidians actually fired the .50 caliber rifles during the raid or the assault is disputed. Lab analysis found accelerants on the clothing of Branch Davidians, and investigators found deliberately punctured fuel cans and a homemade torch at the site. Pace whom Ross, the cult expert, describes as a "relentless fundraiser" says he moved back to the Texas property after the fire to spread the true Branch message. The woman was transported to a local hospital with life-threatening injuries. Oklahoma City National Memorial Center Archives, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. "'That's Just the American Way': The Branch Davidian Tragedy and Western Religious History,", This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 09:56. The Waco siege, as well as the 1992 incident between the Weaver family and the FBI at Ruby Ridge, Idaho, were still fresh in the public mind, and the FBI was extremely cautious and wanted to prevent a recurrence of those violent events. Department of Justice reports from October 1993 and July 2000 conclude that although incendiary tear gas canisters were used by the FBI, the Branch Davidians had started the fire, based on listening devices overhearing their discussion, and evidence that showed at least three simultaneous ignition points. to just 35.8 percent shooting from the field and 35.7 percent shooting from 3-point range. February 23, 2023 31:39. Many of them built houses, others stayed in tents, trucks, or buses, and most of them sold their possessions. The court found that the government's planning of the siegei.e., the decisions to use tear gas against the Branch Davidians; to insert the tear gas using military vehicles and to omit specific planning for the possibility that a fire would eruptwas a discretionary function for which the government could not be sued. Howell instead went to the police and claimed Roden was guilty of corpse abuse, but the county prosecutors refused to file charges without proof. [34] By 1992, most of the land belonging to the group had been sold except for a core 77 acres (31ha). Part of the roof collapses. Wounded: On October 21, 2013, Jose Reyes, a 12-year-old student in seventh grade, opened fire with a handgun at the basketball courts of Sparks Middle School. The morning of the raid, Paul Fatta and his son Kalani were on their way to an Austin gun show to conduct business. Loudspeakers were to be used to tell the Branch Davidians that there would be no armed assault and to ask them not to fire on the vehicles. "Some of them were hard to accept, but they learned that this guy spoke like no other prophet or no other preacher that we'd experienced in our whole lifetime," says Doyle (seen at right with Koresh, left). [40] The armored vehicles were used to destroy perimeter fencing and outbuildings and crush cars belonging to the Branch Davidians. (Pace no longer holds regular church services.). [40] Officially, no armed assault was to be made. The Waco siege, also known as the Waco massacre,[5][6][7][8] was the law enforcement siege of the compound that belonged to the religious cult Branch Davidians. When officers arrived on scene, they found a 21-year-old woman with multiple gunshot wounds. A British-American documentary, Inside Waco, was produced jointly by Channel 4 and HBO in 2007, attempting to show what happened inside by piecing together accounts from the parties involved. These statutes generally prohibit direct military participation in law enforcement functions but do not preclude indirect support such as lending equipment, training in the use of equipment, offering expert advice, and providing equipment maintenance. However, McNulty in turn was later accused of having digitally altered his footage, an allegation he denied. "He was kind of a village idiot," McLennan County, Texas, Sheriff Parnell McNamara tells PEOPLE. Investigators are working to identify a suspect in this case. The officer then fired one round at the woman, police said. City of Waco, Texas PO Box 2570 300 Austin Avenue Waco, TX 76702 View Map. Get browser notifications for breaking news, live events, and exclusive reporting. A jury of. A Time poll conducted on August 26, 1999, for example, indicated that 61 percent of the public believed that federal law enforcement officials started the fire at the Branch Davidian complex. The Branch Davidians unfurl a banner that reads "We want our phone fixed.". Released and deported back to the UK in July 2007, he still retained his religious beliefs.[96]. It did not provoke the Branch Davidians to surrender, but it may have provoked David Koresh to order the mass-suicide.[65]. [168][169] Developed by John Erick Dowdle and Drew Dowdle, it premiered on January 24, 2018. It was carried out by the U.S. federal government, Texas state law enforcement, and the U.S. military, between February 28 and April 19, 1993. CEV1 goes to the left of the buildings, CEV2 to the right. 1 seed in ACC, edges Pitt 78-76 for, No. [105], In the weeks preceding the raid, Rick Alan Ross, a self-described cult expert and deprogrammer affiliated with the Cult Awareness Network, appeared on major networks such as NBC[106] and CBS in regard to Koresh. "House of Representatives Report 104-749 . [citation needed], In 1997, filmmakers Dan Gifford and Amy Sommer produced their Emmy Award-winning documentary film, Waco: The Rules of Engagement,[63] presenting a history of the Branch Davidian movement and a critical examination of the conduct of law enforcement, both leading up to the raid and through the aftermath of the fire. [9] The Waco Police Department tells FOX44 that officers were dispatched to the 3100 block of N. 29th Street, near McFerrin Avenue, on Friday evening after receiving a call of shots fired. and, "That's them shooting! One officer got out of his vehicle, took cover and began giving commands to the woman, according to police. [40] Beginning February 1, ATF agents had three meetings with Tribune-Herald staff regarding a delay in publication of "The Sinful Messiah". February 27, 2023 6:52pm. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. He was articulate, but he didn't have an independence of thought or the ability to do anything without the blessing of David.". Marc Smith, "Agent allegedly refused Koresh's offer," Houston Chronicle, September 11, 1993; "Gun Dealer Alerted Koresh to ATF Probe, Lawyer Says," Houston Post, Associated Press, September 11, 1993. The ATF obtained a search warrant on suspicion that the Davidians were modifying guns to have illegal automatic fire capability. In 1999, FBI spokesmen said that they had used the grenades, but that they had been used during an early morning attempt to penetrate a covered, water-filled construction pit 40 yards (35 m) away and were not fired into the building. On Roden's death, control of the Branch Davidians fell to his wife, Lois Roden. [27] George Roden had dug up the casket of Anna Hughes from the Davidian cemetery and had challenged Howell to a resurrection contest to prove who was the rightful heir to the leadership. Sage, the former negotiator, says Koresh was shot once in "the center of his forehead.". The Waco siege, also known as the Waco massacre, [5] [6] [7] [8] was the law enforcement siege of the compound that belonged to the religious cult Branch Davidians. But people who sacrificed their families, their lives, for David Koresh have chosen to continue to believe and kind of support each other in this belief in order to move on. They were willing to die defending themselves in an apocalyptic ending and, in the alternative, to kill themselves and their children. The FBI Hostage Rescue Team (HRT) was headed by HRT Commander Richard Rogers, who had previously been criticized for his actions during the Ruby Ridge incident. [40] One week before the April 19 assault, FBI planners considered using snipers to kill David Koresh and possibly other key Branch Davidians. "By the sound of it," he said, "it was likely a .50 caliber machine gun and multiple M-16s." A jury convicted a Waco teen Wednesday of firing an AK-47 style gun from an SUV at a car following him in April 2020 as he fled another shooting at an East Waco apartment complex. Affidavit: Waco man threatened to . [40] The children's willingness to stay with Koresh disturbed the negotiators, who were unprepared to work around the Branch Davidians' religious zeal. Most of the buildings had been removed or were being salvaged for construction materials to convert much of the main chapel and a tall water tank into apartments for the resident members of the group. [90] These devices were extremely unlikely to have contributed to the fires, since they were launched into a different part of the compound three hours before the fires began. As he made his escape, he hit his head on a wooden support beam and fell off the roof but survived. The Branch Davidians appealed. Says Sage, the former negotiator: Its not like I havent lived this every day of my life since then., Linda Kasabian, Member of Manson Family Cult and Key Witness in Murder Trials, Dies at 73, Journalist Killed While Covering Fla. Homicides ID'd as Dylan Lyons, 24: 'Thousand-Watt Enthusiasm', Schizophrenia Caused Eric Smith to Threaten His Mother's Life, but He Refused to Get Help Here's Why, Who Is Larry Ray? The Waco Police Department tells FOX44 that officers were dispatched to the 3100 block of N. 29th Street, near McFerrin Avenue, on Friday evening after receiving a call of shots fired. Several years later, the General Accounting Office, in response to a request from Henry Waxman, released a briefing paper titled "Criminal Activity Associated with .50 Caliber Semiautomatic Rifles" that repeated the ATF's claims that the Branch Davidians used .50 caliber rifles during the search. A gun battle on Feb. 28, 1993, led to a 51-day siege that ended when an inferno erupted at the 77-acre property. Tex. [96] Livingstone Fagan, another British citizen, who was among those convicted and imprisoned, says he received multiple beatings at the hands of correctional officers, particularly at Leavenworth. In May 1992, Chief Deputy Daniel Weyenberg of the McLennan County Sheriff's Department called the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF) to notify them that his office had been contacted by a local UPS representative concerned about a report by a local driver. Various groups supporting gun control, such as Handgun Control Incorporated and the Violence Policy Center, have claimed that the Branch Davidians had fired .50 caliber rifles, and they have cited this as one reason to ban these weapons. Howell and his companions, dubbed the "Rodenville Eight" by the media, were tried for attempted murder on April 12, 1988. [59] Three helicopters of the Army National Guard were used as an aerial distraction, and all took incoming fire. The convicted Branch Davidians, who received sentences of up to 40 years,[96] were: Six of the eight Branch Davidians appealed both their sentences and their convictions. We were running out of ammunition. February 24, 2023 36:53. [137], Timothy McVeigh cited the Waco incident as a primary motivation[138] for the Oklahoma City bombing, his 19 April 1995 truck bomb attack that destroyed the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, a U.S. government office complex in downtown Oklahoma City, and destroyed or damaged numerous other buildings in the vicinity. [70] On day nine, Monday, March 8, the Branch Davidians sent out the videotape to show the FBI that there were no hostages, but everyone was staying inside on their own free will. [40], The FBI Hostage Rescue Team delivered 40-millimetre (1.6in) CS grenade fire from M79 grenade launchers. [83] According to the FBI, Steve SchneiderKoresh's top aideshot and killed Koresh and then himself. Updated: 4:49 PM CST November 5, 2020 WACO, Texas The Waco Police Department has identified and arrested a suspect involved in three separate shootings that happened overnight on Aug. 16. Events. DVD Recording. Waco Biker Shooting: 'Turf War,' Uninvited Gang May Have Sparked Deadly Brawl 9 Dead, 170 Arrested Following Biker Gang Gunfight in Waco, Texas The truth of who started the fire on April 19, 1993, has been a major point of contention between authorities and the Branch Davidians. Opening passage of "The Sinful Messiah", Waco Tribune-Herald, February 27, 1993[36], On February 27, 1993, the Waco Tribune-Herald began publishing "The Sinful Messiah", a series of articles by Mark England and Darlene McCormick, who reported allegations that Koresh had physically abused children in the compound and had committed statutory rape by taking multiple underage brides. Personnel of the Tribune-Herald found out about the imminent raid after the first installment of "The Sinful Messiah" had already appeared on February 27. [76] There was a possibility that some of his followers would join Koresh if he decided to commit suicide. [56], The ATF attempted to execute their search warrant on Sunday morning, February 28, 1993. Ross also telephoned the FBI on March 27 and March 28, offering advice about negotiation strategies, suggesting that the FBI "attempt to embarrass Koresh by informing other members of the compound about Koresh's faults and failures in life, in order to convince them that Koresh was not the prophet they had been led to believe. The emergency ends just as California officially passed 100,000 COVID-related deaths during the pandemic. Gov. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. Copyright 2020 Scripps Media, Inc. All rights reserved. Police said they will be investigating the incident, including the officer's use of his weapon. Carmel Complex, Waco Texas, The Covenant, the Sword, and the Arm of the Lord, Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God, Report of the Department of the Treasury on the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms Investigation of Vernon Wayne Howell Also Known as David Koresh, September 1993, "Survivors of 1993 Waco siege describe what happened in fire that ended the 51-day standoff", "25 Years After The Tanks, Tear Gas And Flames, 'Waco' Returns To TV", "U.S. NEWS UPS driver still haunted over role in Waco massacre nearly 25 years later", "25 years after the Waco massacre, a DO remembers the fire and the victims", "Report to the Deputy Attorney General on the Events at Waco, Texas: Appendix D. Arson Report", "The Real Story Behind the Waco Siege: Who Were David Koresh and the Branch Davidians? The government presented the left-hand entry door at the trial, claiming that the right-hand entry door had been lost. [108] Several writers have documented the Cult Awareness Network's role about the government's decision-making concerning Waco. They sought monetary damages under the Federal Tort Claims Act, civil rights statutes, the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, and Texas state law. [171], Last remnants of the razed Mount Carmel Center burn down, The final assault and the burning of the Mount Carmel Center, Trial and imprisonments of Branch Davidians, Prior to 911, the deadliest act of terror against the United States was the bombing of. [155][156][157], Grant Lee Buffalo's 1994 album Mighty Joe Moon opening track "Lone Star Song" directly references the siege. The Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco Firearms and Explosives Houston, Texas office posted to Twitter this week to mark the 30th . It was carried out by the U.S. federal government, Texas state law enforcement, and the U.S. military, between February 28 and April 19, 1993. When shipments for the Mag-Bag arrived, they were signed for by Fatta, Steve Schneider, or Koresh. The Oscars will air on ABC and can be streamed on ABC.com and the ABC app as well as Hulu + Live TV, YouTube TV, AT&T TV or FuboTV. In 2001, another Michael McNulty documentary, The F.L.I.R. True Army National Guard role only made clear 24 hours prior to the raid", "1.5.2 2. Did ATF address the extreme safety and health concerns a methamphetamine lab presents in its raid on the Branch Davidian residence? WACO, TX UPDATE: Waco Police have identified the 19-year-old male as Daylon Anothony Cervantez of Waco. The Covenant, The Sword, and the Arm of the Lord, United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Final report to the Deputy Attorney General concerning the 1993 confrontation at the Mt. The Sunday Read: 'Elon Musk's Appetite for Destruction'. For the next 51 days, communication with those inside was by telephone by a group of 25 FBI negotiators. He also noted that the compound had been receiving packages from an arms dealer for months. [23], A few years later, they moved again to a much larger site east of the city. The five Branch Davidians killed in the raid were Winston Blake, Peter Gent, Peter Hipsman, Perry Jones, and Jaydean Wendell; two were killed at the hands of the Branch Davidians after having been wounded. A Waco man received a 35-year prison sentence Monday after pleading guilty to murder in a March 2021 shooting death at a basketball court in Council Acres Park. The failure for six years to disclose the use of pyrotechnics despite her specific directive led Reno to demand an investigation. The Oklahoma City bombing on April 19, 1995, caused the media to revisit many of the questionable aspects of the government's actions at Waco, and many Americans who previously supported those actions began asking for an investigation of them. The Special Counsel noted that the military provided "extensive" loans of equipment to the ATF and FBI, includingamong other thingstwo tanks, the offensive capability of which had been disabled. Especially the agents. [citation needed], In 2018, the miniseries Waco premiered on HBO, dramatizing both the Waco siege and the 1992 siege at Ruby Ridge. [64] Their bodies were buried on the grounds. All of these perspectives are united in the belief that the deaths of the Branch Davidians at Waco could have been prevented and that "the popular demonization of nontraditional religious movements in the aftermath of Waco represents a continuing threat to freedom of religion". "He was not a stupid man," Sage says about Schneider. In March 1993, McVeigh drove from Arizona to Waco to observe the federal standoff. Twenty-four of them were among the 80 Branch Davidian fatalities (in the raid of February 28 and the assault of April 19), including at least one child. Copyright 2023 Nexstar Media Inc. All rights reserved. Rodriguez had infiltrated the Branch Davidians and was astonished to find that his cover had been blown. He does not. [104] The Branch Davidians claimed that the ATF door team then opened fire at the door, and they returned fire in self-defense. The first officer to arrive performed life-saving measures. Magaw made the Treasury "Blue Book" report on Waco required reading for new agents. He prophesized about Jesus Christ's second coming and that one day he and his followers would be attacked by the U.S. government. [152] Thompson's and Mosley's films, along with extensive coverage given to the Waco siege on some talk radio shows, galvanized support for the Branch Davidians among some sections of the right, including the nascent militia movement, while critics on the left also denounced the government siege on civil liberties grounds. In 2018, twenty-five years after the tragedy at the Mount Carmel Center, a new branch of the Davidians controls the site of the group's former compound outside Waco. Nearly six hours after the 11:30 am ceasefire, Michael Schroeder was shot dead by ATF agents who alleged he fired a pistol at agents as he attempted to re-enter the compound with Woodrow Kendrick and Norman Allison.[40]. Armored vehicle with ram and delivery device to pump tear gas into building with pressurized air rips into front wall just left of front door, leaving a hole 8 feet (2.4m) high and 10 feet (3.0m) wide. Roden faced 90 days in jail for living on the property after being ordered to neither live on the property nor call himself the leader of the religious group in a 1979 case. Posted at 9:46 PM, Jan 22, 2020 and last updated 2020-01-25 04:23:27-05 WACO, TX Authorities say a 19-year-old is dead after a reported shooting near a Waco apartment complex. The vehicles then withdraw. Part 1 July 19, 20, 21, 24: "The aftermath of Waco: changes in federal law enforcement. The Davidians, however, had plenty." 1996), United States v. Castillo, 179 F.3d 321 (1999); Castillo v. United States, 120 S.Ct. The court found that, on February 28, 1993, the Branch Davidians initiated a gun battle when they fired at federal officers who were attempting to serve lawful warrants. [40] The final Justice Department report found that negotiators criticized the tactical commanders for undercutting negotiations. Officers received this call at about 1:40 am at N. 34th St. and Brooke Cir. Within a minute of the raid's start, Branch Davidian Wayne Martin called emergency services, pleading for them to stop shooting. Portrayed as "self-obsessed, egomaniacal, sociopathic and heartless", Koresh was frequently characterized as either a religious lunatic who doomed his followers to mass suicide or a con man who manipulated religion for his own bizarre personal advantage. Officers were originally dispatched to a traffic crash after a vehicle had reportedly crashed into a pole. UpdatedApr 26, 2020 at 8:11pm Mugshot/Getty The real David Koresh. He died from a gun shot to the palate. The ATF is honoring its agents who were killed as they kicked off the slaughter of American women and children at the Waco, Texas Branch Davidians compound in 1993, in an event widely known as the "Waco Massacre.". Shortly after, the. Furthermore, the sheriff noticed another shipment of sixty AR-15/M-16 (STANAG) magazines, to which Aguilera made the statement, "I have been involved in many cases where defendants, following a relatively simple process, convert AR-15 semi-automatic rifles to fully automatic rifles of the nature of the M-16" to justify the ATF's involvement in the case. House of Representatives report, Activities of Federal Law Enforcement Agencies Toward the Branch Davidians/Section 5], section about equipment for raiding a methamphetamine lab being used or not by ATF agents the day of the raid. The United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit vacated the defendants' sentences for use of machine guns, determining that the district court had made no finding that they had "actively employed" the weapons, but left the verdicts undisturbed in all other respects, in United States v. Branch,[97] 91 F.3d 699 (5th Cir. [107] Ross later described his role in advising authorities about the Davidians and Koresh, and what actions should be taken to end the siege. [50] Although the original request for assistance was initially approved, the commander of the Special Forces detachment questioned the request, and the ATF obtained only a training site at Fort Hood, Texas, from February 25 to February 27 with safety inspections for the training lanes, and was given only medical and communications training and equipment. Among themselves, the negotiation teams took to calling Koresh's words "Bible babble. Anthony, D. and T. Robbins (1997). The Fifth Circuit concluded that these allegations did not reflect conduct that would cause a reasonable observer to question Judge Smith's impartiality, and it affirmed the take-nothing judgment, in Andrade v. Chojnacki,[103] 338 F.3d 448 (5th Cir. Michael Landsberry, a 45-year-old math teacher who was trying to intervene with Reyes, was shot and killed in the playground. Trap and skeet shooters can easily presquad for ATA, PITA, and NSSA competitions by selecting events, squads, and posts. 2020 Texas State Shoot Waco Site! [38][39] The documentary Inside Waco claims that the investigation started when in 1992 the ATF became concerned over reports of automatic gunfire coming from the Carmel compound. Texas Criminal Case No. "[93], Nothing remains of the buildings today other than concrete foundation components, as the entire site was bulldozed two weeks after the end of the siege. "Huh?" [108] He was quoted as saying that he was consulted by the ATF[109] and he contacted the FBI on March 4, 1993, requesting "that he be interviewed regarding his knowledge of cults in general and the Branch Davidians in particular."
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