Whats going on here? And as you point out, it's not just that people feel that a word is being misused. (LAUGHTER) VEDANTAM: In the English-speaking world, she goes by Lera Boroditsky. And you can just - it rolls off the tongue, and you can just throw it out. And it sounds a little bit abrupt and grabby like you're going to get something instead of being given. Read the episode transcript. - so one skull but two different minds, and you shift from one to the other. In the second episode of our "Relationships 2.0" series, psychologist Do you ever struggle to communicate with your mom? My big fat greek wedding, an american woman of greek ancestry falls in love with a very vanilla, american man. VEDANTAM: I love this analogy you have in the book where you mention how, you know, thinking that a word has only one meaning is like looking at a snapshot taken at one point in a person's life and saying this photograph represents the entirety of what this person looks like. I'm Shankar Vedantam. Newer episodes are unlikely to have a transcript as it takes us a few weeks to process and edit each transcript. For more on decision-making, check out our episode on how to make wiser choices. This is HIDDEN BRAIN. We couldnt survive without the many public radio stations that support our show and they cant survive without you. GEACONE-CRUZ: It's a Sunday afternoon, and it's raining outside. I'm Shankar Vedantam. A free podcast app for iPhone and Android, Download episodes while on WiFi to listen without using mobile data, Stream podcast episodes without waiting for a download, Queue episodes to create a personal continuous playlist, Web embed players designed to convert visitors to listeners in the RadioPublic apps for iPhone and Android, Capture listener activity with affinity scores, Measure your promotional campaigns and integrate with Google and Facebook analytics, Deliver timely Calls To Action, including email acquistion for your mailing list, Share exactly the right moment in an episode via text, email, and social media, Tip and transfer funds directly to podcastsers, Earn money for qualified plays in the RadioPublic apps with Paid Listens. If I give you a bunch of pictures to lay out and say this is telling you some kind of story and you - and they're disorganized, when an English speaker organizes those pictures, they'll organize them from left to right. MCWHORTER: Language is a parade, and nobody sits at a parade wishing that everybody would stand still. After claiming your Listen Notes podcast pages, you will be able to: Respond to listener comments on Listen Notes, Use speech-to-text techniques to transcribe your show and How do you balance the imperative of teaching correct usage? Parents and peers influence our major life choices. But is that true when it comes to the pursuit of happiness? Long before she began researching languages as a professor, foreign languages loomed large in her life. But if he just bumped into the table, and it happened to fall off the table and break, and it was an accident, then you might be more likely to say, the flute broke, or the flute broke itself, or it so happened to Sam that the flute broke. And if people heard the sounds a little differently and produced them a little differently, if there were new meanings of words - very quickly whatever the original meaning was wouldn't be remembered. And so somebody says something literally, somebody takes a point literally. But also, I started wondering, is it possible that my friend here was imagining a person without a gender for this whole time that we've been talking about them, right? Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. VEDANTAM: How the languages we speak shape the way we think and why the words we use are always in flux. Rightly Crossing the Rubicon: Evaluating Goal Self-Concordance Prior to Selection Helps People Choose More Intrinsic Goals, by Kennon M. Sheldon, Mike Prentice, and Evgeny Osin, Journal of Research in Personality, 2019. ROB LOWE: (As Chris Traeger) Dr. Harris, you are literally the meanest person I have ever met. Copyright Hidden Brain Media | Privacy Policy, Read the latest from the Hidden Brain Newsletter. BORODITSKY: So quite literally, to get past hello, you have to know which way you're heading. I'm shankar Vedantam in the 2002 rom com. Another possibility is that it's a fully integrated mind, and it just incorporates ideas and distinctions from both languages or from many languages if you speak more than two. Go behind the scenes, see what Shankar is reading and find more useful resources and links. So these speakers have internalized this idea from their language, and they believe that it's right. No matter how hard you try to feel happier, you end up back where you started. I know-uh (ph) is there, or something along the lines of babe-uh (ph). Purpose can also boost our health and longevity. He's also the author of the book, "Words On The Move: Why English Won't - And Can't - Sit Still (Like, Literally).". All episodes of Hidden Brain - Chartable Hidden Brain Episodes Happiness 2.0: The Reset Button Many of us rush through our lives, chasing goals and just trying to get everything done. MCWHORTER: Oh, yeah, I'm a human being. Today in our Happiness 2.0 series, we revisit a favorite episode from 2020. This week, we kick off a month-long series we're calling Happiness 2.0. You're also not going to do algebra. UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #3: (Speaking foreign language). And when I listen to people having their peeves, I don't think, stop it. But she told me a story about a conversation she had with a native speaker of Indonesian. Perceived Partner Responsiveness Minimizes Defensive Reactions to Failure, by Peter A. Caprariello and Harry T. Reis, Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2011. The Effects of Conflict Types, Dimensions, and Emergent States on Group Outcomes, by Karen Jehn et. That is the direction of writing in Hebrew and Arabic, going from right to left. This is Hidden Brain. If you can speak more than one language, does this mean that you're also simultaneously and constantly shifting in your mind between different worldviews? The phrase brings an entire world with it - its context, its flavor, its culture. I think that it's better to think of language as a parade that either you're watching, or frankly, that you're in, especially because the people are never going to stand still. Subscribe: iOS | Android | Spotify | RSS | Amazon | Stitcher Latest Episodes: Happiness 2.0: The Reset Button Today in our Happiness 2.0 series, we revisit a favorite episode from 2020. BORODITSKY: Yeah. BORODITSKY: I had this wonderful opportunity to work with my colleague Alice Gaby in this community called Pormpuraaw in - on Cape York. But it turns out humans can stay oriented really, really well, provided that their language and culture requires them to keep track of this information. Today, we explore the many facets of this idea. But that can blind us to a very simple source of joy that's all around us. Stay with us. And it irritates people, but there's a different way of seeing literally. What techniques did that person use to persuade you? Copyright Hidden Brain Media | Privacy Policy, Freely Determined: What the New Psychology of the Self Teaches Us About How to Live, Going the Distance on the Pacific Crest Trail: The Vital Role of Identified Motivation, Athletic Scholarships are Negatively Associated with Intrinsic Motivation for Sports, Even Decades Later: Evidence for Long-Term Undermining, Rightly Crossing the Rubicon: Evaluating Goal Self-Concordance Prior to Selection Helps People Choose More Intrinsic Goals, What Makes Lawyers Happy? VEDANTAM: I'm Shankar Vedantam. Hidden Brain Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships. We talk with psychologist Iris Mauss, who explains why happiness can seem more el, When we want something very badly, it can be hard to see warning signs that might be obvious to other people. When she was 12, her family came to the United States from the Soviet Union. : The Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Benefits of Sharing Positive Events, Perceived Partner Responsiveness as an Organizing Construct in the Study of Intimacy and Closeness, Read the latest from the Hidden Brain Newsletter. BORODITSKY: Well, you would be at sea at first. And there are consequences for how people think about events, what they notice when they see accidents. And there are all kinds of interesting, useful, eye-opening ideas that exist in all of the world's languages. VEDANTAM: Well, that's kind of you, Lera. This week, in the final installment of our Happiness 2.0 series, psychologist Dacher Keltner describes what happens when we stop to sav, Sometimes, life can feel like being stuck on a treadmill. So you can't know how the words are going to come out, but you can take good guesses. Our transcripts are provided by various partners and may contain errors or deviate slightly from the audio. And if you can enjoy it as a parade instead of wondering why people keep walking instead of just sitting on chairs and blowing on their tubas and not moving, then you have more fun. So in English, I might say that Sam (ph) broke the flute. We talk with psychologist Iris Mauss, who explains why happiness can seem more elusive the harder we chase it, and what we can do instead to build a lasting sense of contentment. You do the hokey pokey and you turn yourself around. And so language changed just like the clouds in the sky. This week, we kick off a month-long series we're calling Happiness 2.0. And nobody wishes that we hadn't developed our modern languages today from the ancient versions. Subscribe to the Hidden Brain Podcast on your favorite podcast player so you never miss an episode. You can find the transcript for most episodes of Hidden Brain on our website. And so to address that question, what we do is we bring English speakers into the lab, and we teach them grammatical genders in a new language that we invent. VEDANTAM: If you're bilingual or you're learning a new language, you get what Jennifer experienced - the joy of discovering a phrase that helps you perfectly encapsulate a feeling or an experience. If you grew up speaking a language other than English, you probably reach for words in your native tongue without even thinking about it. It has to do with the word momentarily. VEDANTAM: It took just one week of living in Japan for Jennifer to pick up an important new term. And the way you speak right is not by speaking the way that people around you in your life speak, but by speaking the way the language is as it sits there all nice and pretty on that piece of paper where its reality exists. ADAM COLE, BYLINE: (Singing) You put your southwest leg in, and you shake it all about. 437 Episodes Produced by Hidden Brain, Shankar Vedantam Website. It should be thought of as fun. What do you think the implications are - if you buy the idea that languages are a very specific and unique way of seeing the world, of perceiving reality, what are the implications of so many languages disappearing during our time? If you missed it, Think back to the last time someone convinced you to do something you didn't want to do, or to spend money you didn't want to spend. . There's a lowlier part of our nature that grammar allows us to vent in the absence of other ways to do it that have not been available for some decades for a lot of us. Shankar Vedantam: This is Hidden Brain. Young people have always used language in new and different ways, and it's pretty much always driven older people crazy. It is a great, free way to engage the podcast community and increase the visibility of your podcasts. All of the likes and, like, literallies (ph) might sometimes grate on your nerves, but John McWhorter says the problem might be with you, not with the way other people speak. Evaluating Changes in Motivation, Values, and Well-being, by Kennon M. Sheldon and Lawrence S. Krieger, Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 2004. How else would you do it? Not without written permission. (Speaking Japanese). In many languages, nouns are gendered. But as Bob Cialdini set out to discover the keys to influence and persuasion, he decided to follow the instincts of his childhood. Psychological Safety and Learning Behavior in Work Teams, by Amy Edmondson, Administrative Science Quarterly, 1999. MCWHORTER: No, because LOL was an expression; it was a piece of language, and so you knew that its meaning was going to change. Why researchers should think real-world: A conceptual rationale, by Harry T. Reis, in Handbook of Research Methods for Studying Daily Life, 2012. Hidden Brain. We always knew that certain species of animals had abilities to orient that we thought were better than human, and we always had some biological excuse for why we couldn't do it. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #11: (Speaking Russian). You know, it's Lady Liberty and Lady Justice. There was no way of transcribing an approximation of what people said and nobody would have thought of doing it. Hidden Brain Hidden Brain, Shankar Vedantam Science 4.6 36K Ratings; Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships. The transcript below may be for an earlier version of this episode. And it's just too much of an effort, and you can't be bothered to do it, even though it's such a small thing. Assessing the Seeds of Relationship Decay: Using Implicit Evaluations to Detect the Early Stages of Disillusionment, by Soonhee Lee, Ronald D. Rogge, and Harry T. Reis, Psychological Science, 2010. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #7: (Speaking foreign language). So to give you a very quick wrap-up is that some effects are big, but even when effects aren't big, they can be interesting or important for other reasons - either because they are very broad or because they apply to things that we think are really important in our culture. The transcript below may be for an earlier version of this episode. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #6: (Speaking foreign language). And one thing that we've noticed is that around the world, people rely on space to organize time. MCWHORTER: Exactly. It's never going to. The authoritative record of NPRs programming is the audio record. We love the idea of Hidden Brain helping to spark discussions in your community. Our transcripts are provided by various partners and may contain errors or deviate slightly from the audio. So we've done a lot of studies looking at how speakers of Spanish and German and Russian actually think about objects that have opposite grammatical genders. Accuracy and availability may vary. This takes kids a little while to figure out, and he had all kinds of clever ways to ask these questions. VEDANTAM: One of the points you make in the book of course is that the evolution of words and their meanings is what gives us this flowering of hundreds or thousands of languages. It's natural to want to run away from difficult emotions such as grief, anger and fear. Transcript 585: In Defense of Ignorance Note: This American Life is produced for the ear and designed to be heard. It seems kind of elliptical, like, would it be possible that I obtained? Hidden Brain: You, But Better on Apple Podcasts 50 min You, But Better Hidden Brain Social Sciences Think about the resolutions you made this year: to quit smoking, eat better, or get more exercise. In a lot of languages, there isn't. ), Handbook of Closeness and Intimacy, 2004. Having a sense of purpose can be a buffer against the challenges we all face at various stages of life. So it's easy to think, oh, I could imagine someone without thinking explicitly about what they're wearing. Let's start with the word literally. This week, a story about a con with a twist. I'm Shankar Vedantam. So LOL starts out as meaning hardy-har-har (ph), but then it becomes something more abstract. But is that true when it comes to the pursuit of happiness? Parents and peers influence our major life choices. We'll also look at how languages evolve, and why we're sometimes resistant to those changes. It should just be, here is the natural way, then there's some things that you're supposed to do in public because that's the way it is, whether it's fair or not. Now I can stay oriented. VEDANTAM: So this begs the question, if you were to put languages on something of a spectrum, where you have, you know, languages like Spanish or Hindi where nouns are gendered and languages like English where many nouns are not gendered but pronouns are gendered, and on the other end of the spectrum, you have languages like Finnish or Persian where you can have a conversation about someone without actually mentioning their gender, it would seem surprising if this did not translate, at some level, into the way people thought about gender in their daily activities, in terms of thinking about maybe even who can do what in the workplace. John is a professor of English and comparative literature at Columbia University. Everyone wants to be loved and appreciated. And he started by asking Russian-speaking students to personify days of the week. I'm Shankar Vedantam. And it really is an illusion that what language is, is something that sits still. He's a defender of language on the move, but I wanted to know if there were things that irritated even him. Hidden Brain - You 2.0: Cultivating Your Purpose Hidden Brain Aug 2, 2021 You 2.0: Cultivating Your Purpose Play 51 min playlist_add Having a sense of purpose can be a buffer against the. VEDANTAM: If languages are shaped by the way people see the world, but they also shape how people see the world, what does this mean for people who are bilingual? VEDANTAM: Would it be possible to use what we have learned about how words and languages evolve to potentially write what a dictionary might look like in 50 years or a hundred years? Purpose can also boost our health and longevity. Perceived Responses to Capitalization Attempts are Influenced by Self-Esteem and Relationship Threat, by Shannon M. Smith & Harry Reis, Personal Relationships, 2012. VEDANTAM: The word chair is feminine in Italian. All sponsorship opportunities on Hidden Brain are managed by SXM Media. Shankar Vedantam, host of the popular podcast "Hidden Brain" has been reporting on human behavior for decades. That's because change is hard. In this favorite episode from 2021, Cornell University psychologist Anthony Burrow explains why purpose isnt something to be found its somethi, It's natural to want to run away from difficult emotions such as grief, anger and fear. Of course, you also can't experience anything outside of time. al, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2004. You may also use the Hidden Brain name in invitations sent to a small group of personal contacts for such purposes as a listening club or discussion forum. So I just think that it's something we need to check ourselves for. VEDANTAM: I want to talk in the second half of our conversation about why the meanings of words change, but I want to start by talking about how they change. We don't want to be like that. Hidden Brain explores the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior and questions that lie at the heart of our complex and changing world. It's never happened. And as odd as that sounds, I can guarantee you if you watch any TV show with women under a certain age or if you just go out on an American street and listen, you'll find that that's a new kind of exclamatory particle. You know, endings are going to tend to drop off. And what he noticed was that when people were trying to act like Monday, they would act like a man. And I can't help surmising that part of it is that the educated American has been taught and often well that you're not supposed to look down on people because of gender, because of race, because of ability. People who breathe too much put their bodies in a hypoxic state, with not enough oxygen to the brain How breath moves in the body: air comes in through the nose and mouth; the larynx (rigid tube to avoid closing) brings air from the nose and mouth to the lungs Lungs can expand and contract to bring in or expel air We talk with psychologist Iris Mauss, who explains why happiness Why do some companies become household names, while others flame out? So that, again, is a huge difference. When language was like that, of course it changed a lot - fast - because once you said it, it was gone. They are ways of seeing the world. Many of us believe that hard work and persistence are the key to achieving our goals. So act like Monday. BORODITSKY: The way to say my name properly in Russian is (speaking foreign language), so I don't make people say that. And then when I turned, this little window stayed locked on the landscape, but it turned in my mind's eye. Whats going on here? Transcript - How language shapes the way we think by Lera Boroditsky.docx, The Singapore Quality Award requires organisations to show outstanding results, The following lots of Commodity Z were available for sale during the year, b The authors identify 5 types of misinformation in the abstract but discuss 7, 17 Chow N Asian value and aged care Geriatr Gerontol Int 20044521 5 18 Chow NWS, Writing Results and Discussion Example.docx, A 6 month old infant weighing 15 lb is admitted with a diagnosis of dehydration, ng_Question_-_Assessment_1_-_Proposing_Evidence-Based_Change.doc, The Social Security checks the Government sends to grandmothers are considered A, 03 If a covered member participates on the clients attest engagement or is an, AURETR143 Student Assessment - Theory v1.1.docx. What Makes Lawyers Happy? So when I ask you to, say, imagine a man walking down the street, well, in your imagery, you're going to have some details completed and some will be left out. But actually, it's something that's not so hard to learn. 00:55:27 Hidden Brain Happiness 2.0: The Reset Button Many of us rush through our days, weeks, and lives, chasing goals, and just trying to get everything done. So for example, grammatical gender - because grammatical gender applies to all nouns in your language, that means that language is shaping the way you think about everything that can be named by a noun. VEDANTAM: Around the world, we often hear that many languages are dying, and there are a few megalanguages that are growing and expanding in all kinds of ways. And so what that means is if someone was sitting facing south, they would lay out the story from left to right. And so I set myself the goal that I would learn English in a year, and I wouldn't speak Russian to anyone for that whole first year. It's natural to want to run away from difficult emotions such as grief, anger and fear. But it's a lovely example of how language can guide you to discover something about the world that might take you longer to discover if you didn't have that information in language. Goal Striving, Need Satisfaction, and Longitudinal Well-being: The Self-Concordance Model, by Kennon M. Sheldon and Andrew J. Elliot, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1999. Bu BORODITSKY: Thank you so much for having me. This week, in the second installment of our Happiness 2.0 series, psychologist Todd Kashdan looks at the relationship between distress and happiness, and how to keep difficult emotions from sabotaging our wellbeing. VEDANTAM: There are phrases in every language that are deeply evocative and often untranslatable. And some people would say it's a lot more because it's, you know, irrecoverable and not reduplicated elsewhere. Well, that's an incredibly large set of things, so that's a very broad effect of language. This week, we kick off a month-long series we're calling Happiness 2.0. So bilinguals are kind of this in-between case where they can't quite turn off their other languages, but they become more prominent, more salient when you are actually speaking the language or surrounded by the language. If you still cant find the episode, try looking through our most recent shows on our homepage. All of these are very subjective things. A brief history of relationship research in social psychology, by Harry T. Reis, in Handbook of the History of Social Psychology, 2011. VEDANTAM: One of the things I found really interesting is that the evolution of words and language is constant. It's as if you saw a person - I'm not going to say at 4 because then the person is growing up, and if I use that analogy then it seems like I'm saying that language grows up or it moves toward something or it develops. Imagine how we would sound to them if they could hear us. Trusted by 5,200 companies and developers. Welcome to HIDDEN BRAIN. There's a way of speaking right. VEDANTAM: It took just one week of living in Japan for Jennifer to pick up an important, VEDANTAM: There isn't a straightforward translation of this phrase in English. Sometimes you just have to suck it up. The transcript below may be for an earlier version of this episode.