But it is also a myth that a high-protein diet will promote muscle growth. The ISSA suggests that many athletes can safely consume 2 g of protein per 1 kg of body weight daily, compared with the RDA of 0.8 g/kg. Nutritional requirements of healthy individuals depend on various factors, such as age, sex, and activity. Instead, you can purchase a quality electrolyte supplement such as Designs for Health Electrolyte Synergy. These changes can negatively affect appetite, change food preferences, and affect overall nutritional status. Keeping your body weight too low, losing weight too quickly, or preventing weight gain in an unnatural way can have negative health effects. The Victorian Government acknowledges Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people as the Traditional Custodians of the land and acknowledges and pays respect to their Elders, past and present. For every pound (450 grams) you lose while exercising, you should drink 16 to 24 ounces (480 to 720 milliliters) or 3 cups (720 milliliters) of fluid within the next 6 hours. For older adults living by themselves, cooking a nutritious meal for one takes time and may feel taxing. Pregnancy is just one example of how our nutritional needs can vary throughout our lives. The ability to taste and smell food are an important part of appetite and nutrition. (Its worth pointing out here that we prefer the natural form of folic acid known as folate). A little more than half of your calories should come from carbohydrates. Digestion changes occur with age. For example, the ISSA highlights the importance of hydration and carbohydrate loading for competitive swimmers. Inna is passionate about food with a wide repertoire of delicious healthy recipes and meal ideas to ensure your weight loss journey is as enjoyable as possible! Therefore, this study aimed to understand staff caregivers' perceptions of factors . For example, people with cancer often have higher needs for protein and calories to prevent muscle wasting and other health complications of cancer or its treatment (13). Newsletter Subscription | Privacy Policy. According to the ISSN, athletes weighing 50100 kg may require 2,0007,000 calories per day. Excess dietary sodium intake means frequent overnight bathroom trips. You may notice you urinate more when you drink caffeine. The guidance provides information on: commissioning approaches and contact details for commissioners. Foods may not taste the same causing lower food intake. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 20202025 suggest that the optimal macronutrient ratios for adults are as follows: The International Sports Sciences Association (ISSA) notes that people can adjust these ratios based on the goal of physical activity. According to a 2018 review by the International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN), typical macronutrient ratios for athletes are as follows: Carbohydrates receive a great deal of attention in sports nutrition due to the vital role they play in athletic performance. Everyday Fit is the best hydrating supplement on the market and is packed with 5 unique nutritional blends that help you hydrate faster, repair lean muscle, burn fat, feel happier and detoxify your body. Under-nutrition and malnutrition are common in older people and can lead to serious conditions. Prebiotics provide food to nourish and promote the growth of beneficial probiotic bacteria. This article explains the importance of protein for healthy aging and how much protein older adults need to promote optimal health. Advertisement. Nutrition can help enhance athletic performance. Diet and nutrition can influence the quality of your sleep, and certain foods and drinks can make it easier or harder to get the sleep that you need. We avoid using tertiary references. Dry, hot environments and high altitudes take fluid away from your body faster (Vegas baby!!!!). Complex carbohydrates are found in foods such as pasta, bagels, whole grain breads, and rice. To help you perform better, avoid exercising on an empty stomach. Amino acid supplements and eating a lot of protein are not recommended. What matters most is the total amount of carbohydrates you eat each day. Athletes can easily meet this increased need by eating more total calories (eating more food). All rights reserved. Well chosen dietary supplements can play an important role in supporting our health. (This does not apply to children, however, who can become dehydrated quickly.). To enquire about working with Inna, please contact us. Nutrition and athletic performance. To enquire about working with Ailsa, pleasecontact us. The recommendation for daily carbohydrate needs with team sport athletes is 2.27-3.18g/lb/day [6, 7]. Exercise is beneficial for overall health. In cold climates, the air has less water which makes sweat evaporate faster. Clinical Interventions in Aging 2010. This water supplement has just 5 calories, is sugar-free, has no artificial flavors, and tastes amazing in 6 unique flavors. Netter's Sports Medicine. Nikki is our Practice Manager, managing our team of practitioners and heading up the day-to-day running of the business. Data were analysed using a general inductive appr 2004-2023 Healthline Media UK Ltd, Brighton, UK, a Red Ventures Company. Aging is linked to a variety of changes in your body, including muscle loss, mild cognitive decline, and decreased sense of taste and smell. This is the first-ever water enhancer that replenishes nutrients and supports an active lifestyle WITHOUT harmful sugar or stimulants. Smaller adults have a smaller volume and surface area. A Florida girl, Nikki relocated to the UK in 2014 with her husband and two children. Its a similar story for vitamin D. While some peoples skin is effectively able to synthesise vitamin D from the sun, other people have genetic polymorphisms that make them less able to produce vitamin D. Understanding your genes can be particularly helpful in understanding the nutrients you are most likely to be lacking in. Berardi, J. Your kidneys fail to reabsorb water as they normally would, and you have to urinate more often. For further information about the guidance, please . To enquire about working with Stphanie, please contact us. Vegans and vegetarians can struggle to get enough good quality protein in their diets. For moderate amounts of intense training, an athlete should consume 1.22 g of protein per 1 kg of body weight, which translates into 60300 g of protein per day for an athlete weighing 50150 kg. Ania specialises in autoimmunity and works with clients who have underlying health issues preventing successful weight loss. Many energy drinks provide electrolytes, but if you are attempting to lose weight, energy drinks also contain high levels of sugar and so we dont typically recommend them. Carbohydrates are stored mostly in the muscles and liver. Try NutriAdvanced Collagen Forte Joints and Bones. This article provides a list of soft foods to eat when chewing hurts as well as a soft foods diet sample menu. Key messages. Seriously, hydration is the single most important foundation to living your best life. However, the ISSN review indicates there is not sufficient evidence to support the diets effectiveness. People who are training or racing at peak levels may find it challenging to consume enough food for their energy requirements without causing gastrointestinal (GI) discomfort, especially immediately before an important workout or race. Experimenting with diets on your own can lead to poor eating habits with inadequate or excessive intake of certain nutrients. As we age our digestive function often deteriorates and therefore in older adults, compromised digestive function can call for supplementation. Always drink water before, during, and after drinking alcohol. Most Americans already eat almost twice as much protein as they need for muscle development. Nutrition is the intake of food and fluid to meet a person's dietary and biological needs. Box 8.1 lists the main risk factors of dehydration. Your kidneys are responsible for regulating water balance and blood pressure as well as removing waste from the body. Knowing these can help you optimise your diet and supplement routine to ensure your bodys getting everything it needs. The production of vitamin D is also affected with age. For moderate amounts of intense training, defined as 23 hours per day of intense exercise performed 56 times per week, the ISSN suggests consuming 58 grams per kilogram (g/kg) of body weight, or 2501,200 g, of carbohydrates per day for athletes who weigh 50150 kg. For high volume intense training, defined as 36 hours per day of intense training in 12 daily workouts 56 days per week, the ISSN recommends 810 g/kg of body weight, or 4001,500 g, of carbohydrates per day for athletes weighing 50150 kg. A Florida girl, Nikki relocated to the UK in 2014 with her husband and two children. We also give meal examples for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. They provide energy. In this article, we discuss macronutrient and micronutrient needs of athletes and look at calories, meal timing, and how to tailor requirements to specific sports. Can diet help improve depression symptoms? Alcohol dehydrates you thanks to its suppression of a hormone called vasopressin, which is an antidiuretic. As a guide players should aim for each meal to be about 2/3 carbohydrates. An absurd amount that canbe more than cut in half with just a tiny bit of information. While it may taste good and hydrate the sugar zaps the body of essential nutrients, increases inflammation, rots teeth As the founder of Trulean Nutrition, my team members rely on me to make quick and concise decisions. 5. B12 and iron are two of the most important nutrients to consider both playing a key role in energy production. There are a number of key nutrients commonly lacking in a vegan diet. What is good nutrition and hydration? However, for various reasons its not always possible to achieve optimal nutritional status through food alone. Good nutrition is fundamental to physical and mental wellbeing. Dementia and confusion can impair an older adult's desire to eat and their ability to feed themselves by interfering with choosing which foods to eat, getting food into the mouth and chewing. Water is the most important, yet overlooked, nutrient for athletes. Nutrition is essential for supporting an athletes general health and their training needs. 2003. Athletes seeking to decrease their body fat may reduce fat intake to 20% of their daily calories. Copyright 1997-2023, A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited without authorization. Both the ISSN and ACSM emphasize the role of meal timing in optimizing recovery and performance and recommend athletes space nutrient intake evenly throughout the day, every 34 hours. Learn more about what to eat. At the same time, however, diet modification can make food less palatable and enjoyable, leading to poor nutritional status. This is our version of a healthy hydrating fat burner that helps you renew your day. Aim: To explore the perceptions of staff caregivers regarding factors affecting optimal nutrition and hydration for individuals living in Specialised Dementia Care Units in New Zealand. According to the 2016-2025 nutrition strategy, WHO uses its convening power to help set, align and advocate for priorities and policies that move nutrition forward globally; develops evidence-informed guidance based on robust scientific and ethical frameworks; supports the adoption of guidance and implementation of effective nutrition actions; and monitors and evaluates policy and programme . Dehydration during the menstrual cycle has been shown to negatively impact cognitive function, mood state, fatigue and increased pain and cramps. Factors affecting nutrition and hydration in people living with dementia are complex and inter-related. Screening to identify all people over 65 at risk of nutritional decline and malnutrition is essential within 24 hours of admission and at regular intervals throughout the hospital stay. Organisations providing specialised dementia care, their staff and foodservice providers should focus on both the individual and environment to ensure optimal nutrition and hydration for the people in their care. 3. 5: p. 9. Young athletes who are trying to lose weight should work with a registered dietitian. Menopausal women experience a decline in oestrogen levels which is known to protect bones, therefore a focus on nutrients that supports bone health is key at this stage of life. 7. Broken and missing teeth can make chewing certain foods such as meats, vegetables, and nuts uncomfortable and difficult. To maintain liver and muscle glycogen stores, athletes will need different amounts of carbohydrates depending on their exercise volume. Inna is passionate about supporting women on their journey to improved health and wellbeing. Read More How Much Protein Do Older Adults Need?Continue. The test is available to purchase from our site here, or contact us for more information. oral contraceptive pill has been linked to reduction in a number of nutrients. Healthy carbohydrates for an athletes diet may include whole grains, such as brown rice, quinoa, oats, and pasta, and starchy vegetables, such as potatoes. Five to 10 ounces (150 to 300 milliliters) of a sports drink every 15 to 20 minutes, One-half to two-thirds cup (40 to 55 grams) of low-fat granola, People who exercise or train for more than 90 minutes should eat or drink more carbohydrates, possibly with protein, 2 hours later. Sweating also helps hydrate the skin and balance electrolytes. Learn about the best meal. All of the supplements mentioned in this article are available through The Natural Dispensary and can purchased at a discount using our code: PEARSON10. It also notes that athletes weighing 100150 kg may need to consume 6,00012,000 calories daily to meet training demands. You will fatigue much faster if your body isnt hydrated enough to sweat and cool off. Some patients will need support to make sure they get enough nutrition and hydration. Much like temperature, the more humid it is, the more you'll sweat. Choosing a selection results in a full page refresh. Let's get right into it. Over-nutrition occurs when a person eats more food than their body needs. Malnutrition or malnourishment occurs when food and nutrient intake is not appropriate to maintain body function. PMID: 26920240 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26920240/. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. For example, the ISSN advises strength athletes consume carbohydrates and protein or protein on its own up to 4 hours before and up to 2 hours after exercise. Some people may find that consuming meals too close to the beginning of exercise can cause digestive discomfort. She believes that the solution to effective weight loss does not lie in ever more restrictive diets, but a more sophisticated approach that optimises health and vitality, as well as promoting effective weight loss. The majority of fluids are absorbed in the small intestine. Nutrition and hydration are fundamental for health and wellbeing. Sometimes it drops down the body, dripping onto the ground or soaking into your clothes. Appetite tends to decline with age for several reasons including changes to the digestive system, hormones, and senses (1). Alcohol is a diuretic, meaning it causes your body to excrete fluids at an accelerated rate as opposed to other drinks. ACHIEVING DESIRED WEIGHTS FOR COMPETITIVE PURPOSES. However, as youll learn below, various factors can increase our requirements for certain nutrients. Choosing whole grains and other fiber-rich carbohydrates as part of a daily diet generally promotes health. Guidelines for the timing and amount of nutrition will vary depending on the type of athlete. Moreover, older adults tend to get fuller, quicker, further decreasing appetite and food intakes. We like YourZookis Liposomal Vitamin C. A number of different medications can increase requirement for certain nutrients. Consequently, poor nutrition increases older adults risk of malnutrition, falls and fractures, as well as a decline in quality of life. Dysphagia is associated with several diseases such as stroke and Parkinsons disease, both of which increase in prevalence with age. It is important to be aware that some athletic associations ban the use of certain nutritional supplements. Berning JR. Sports nutrition. This means that every time you visit this website you will need to enable or disable cookies again. If you disable this cookie, we will not be able to save your preferences. Depression in older adults can result in dehydration, malnutrition, and physical illnesses. The ISSN suggests that athletes training intensely for 26 hours per day 56 days of the week may burn over 6001200 calories per hour while exercising. Quick facts on hydration. Doses higher than 250-300 mg can cause higher amounts of fluid loss via the urine. Higher altitude also means lower oxygen concentration. Kurrle, S., Brodaty, H, Hogarth, R, Physical Comorbidties of Dementia. weight loss and low body weight is common in patients with dementia; in particular those with advancing Alzheimers disease. Gavin Van De Walle is a registered dietitian nutritionist and holds a master's degree in human nutrition and bioenergetics. Specific to sports nutrition, consuming carbohydrates can be put into three key timeframes: pre-exercise, during exercise, and post-exercise. There are a wide variety of different brands available now. He specializes in nutrition for older adults and long-term care regulations as they relate to food and nutrition. Recognizing these factors and intervening as appropriate is key for ensuring proper nutrition and health with age. It is recommended that you consume 2 litres, or 8 glasses, of water each day. As the body acclimates to the increasing altitude you urinate more to avoid respiratory alkalosis (elevated blood pH). For high volume intense training, the ISSN suggests 1.72.2 g of protein per 1 kg of body weight per day, or 85330 g of protein for an athlete weighing 50150 kg. Sports nutrition. Working with Inna you will benefit from her in-depth knowledge of female health and hormones. Older adults are particularly vulnerable to depression due to low income, lack of social support and companionship, retirement, and chronic medical illnesses (9). If youre drinking coffee a lot, be sure to drink more water as well. Regular and routine dental visits and cleanings as well as good oral hygiene at home is necessary for good nutrition and health. There are a number of key factors we take into account when recommending supplements to clients. Hospital provides an ideal opportunity to identify existing or potential nutrition problems and focus on preventative measures to help patients achieve good nutrition in hospital and when they leave. As you rise in altitude the air becomes colder, thinner, and holds less moisture than warm air. Other people have genetic adaptions which makes it much harder for their bodies to make this conversion. Enteral nutrition - delivering artificial liquid feed directly into the gut through . Speak with a health care professional to discuss a diet that is right for your sport, age, sex, and amount of training. Your kidneys help convert vitamin D to its active form so that it can be used by your body. Eating a good diet can help provide the energy you need to finish a race, or just enjoy a casual sport or activity. We are using cookies to give you the best experience on our website. What are some of the best protein powders? An active lifestyle and exercise routine, along with eating well, is the best way to stay healthy. We know that fibre plays a key role in digestive health but many of us dont consume nearly enough. The ISSN also notes that optimal protein intake may vary from 1.2 to 2.0 g/kg of body weight per day. Cardiovascular health: Insomnia linked to greater risk of heart attack. Read More The Best Soft Foods to Eat When Chewing HurtsContinue. For example, losing a spouse, moving house or entering residential care can mean usual eating and drinking habits are disrupted and this can lead to poor nutrition and hydration. This can come in different forms: Extra snacks, food with extra nutrients added (fortified food) or drinks such as Ensure and Fortisip. Press the space key then arrow keys to make a selection. Low income is prevalent in aging populations, making it difficult for many older adults to afford nutrient-dense foods such as fruits, vegetables, nuts, and other minimally processed whole-foods. musculoskeletal changes can impact on a person's mobility and ability to feed themself. If we are dehydrated this can make us feel tired, cause headaches and make it difficult to concentrate. Ever notice that sweat tastes salty? . Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 25. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine: nutrition and athletic performance. Information here is not intended as a substitute for or alternative to information from healthcare practitioners. These diseases and their medical treatments can decrease appetite, interfere with normal eating, affect how the body uses nutrients, as well as increase nutrient and calorie needs (12). Sucking on mints, chewing gum, and flavoring foods with herbs, spices, sugar, lemon, and sauces may alleviate taste and smell changes. Editor 2011: N.H. Science, Victoria, Australia. For additional information visit Linking to and Using Content from MedlinePlus. And who doesn't want to be living their best life?Don't believe me?According toMedical Dailyseventy five percent of Americanssuffer from dehydration. By contrast, endurance athletes would need to consume mostly carbohydrates and a small amount of protein roughly 14 hours before exercise. In the Northern hemisphere, such as Europe, Canada and North America, vitamin D deficiency is a widespread problem. Athletes should ensure they consume the essential vitamins and minerals they need to support their general health and sports performance. Aging also decreases vitamin D production from sunlight. The timing and content of meals can help support training goals, reduce fatigue, and help optimize body composition. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. (n.d.). Read on to learn more about the different types of protein powders and which ones to consider. These are just three examples of medications that compromise our nutritional status but there are many more. Athletes have different nutritional requirements depending on which sport they do. This article serves as a beginners guide to the IDDSI framework with information on the IDDSI food and drink levels and testing methods. Excess dietary sodium intake means frequent overnight bathroom trips. A high quality protein powder, added to smoothies or taken as a shake, is a convenient way to increase protein intake. Nutrition can help enhance athletic performance. However, the amount of each food group you need will depend on: People tend to overestimate the amount of calories they burn per workout so it is important to avoid taking in more energy than you expend exercising. Read More Whats the Best Vitamin B12 Dose for Seniors?Continue. Statin medications, prescribed for lowing cholesterol, have been shown to reduce levels of Coenzyme Q10 and some research has suggested that supplementing CoQ10 could help ease some of the side effects associated with these medications. 2012: Cambridge University Press, New York. Get weekly weight loss and wellness updates direct to your inbox. Hence, recommended values of dietary intakes vary for each group of individuals. They enable us to optimise our clients health in a variety of different ways. Methods: Qualitative descriptive study using a semi-structured interview approach with 11 staff caregivers at two Specialised Dementia Care Units. 1. Protein is important for muscle growth and to repair body tissues. Tailoring these considerations to an athletes body weight and composition, the amount of time spent training, and the type of sport they do can improve their performance. Did you know that your genes play a significant role in your ability to synthesis or absorb different nutrients? Let's reassess, before letting the scale determine our health, and look at some factors that do impact scale weight: 1.) It can cause weight loss, health problems, muscle and skeletal loss and lead to serious conditions such as frailty and sarcopenia1. She specialises in helping people who struggle with their weight and their relationship with food. 's editorial policy editorial process and privacy policy. Clear urine is a good sign that you have fully rehydrated. Right now you're about to discover everything you need to know about how to stay hydrated. Look out for a complete protein providing all essential amino acids, while being free from synthetic additives. Last medically reviewed on April 20, 2021. Water retention is NOT the same as hydration. Vitamin B12 and vitamin D supplements are often recommended for older adults. In: Madden CC, Putukian M, McCarty EC, Young CC, eds. (Sugary foods cause a similar response). Inulin is a popular prebiotic supplement as it has a sweet taste and can be used to replace sugar. Some peoples genetics mean that they will struggle to convert plant sources of nutrients to the animal form that our body utilises. There is little evidence to support the efficacy or safety of many dietary supplements, including: However, scientists have shown that other ergogenic aids, such as caffeine and creatine monohydrate, are safe and effective for athletes. Moreover, they may need to consider meal timing and ensure adequate hydration. How much protein do I need: Protein myths busted. Supported nutrition and hydration. Learn what it is and how to do it here. Specialty diagnostics, therapeutics and programs, End of life and palliative care in Victoria, Community Health Integrated Program (CHIP) guidelines, Victorian integrated care online resources, Collecting patient-reported outcome measures in Victoria, Public hospital accreditation in Victoria, Credentialing for senior medical staff in Victoria, Improving Access to Primary Care in Rural and Remote Areas Initiative, Victorian Patient Transport Assistance Scheme, Rural and isolated practice registered nurses, Urgent care in regional and rural Victoria, Fees for private health service establishments in Victoria, Design resources for private health service establishments, Professional standards in private health service establishments, Legislation updates for private health service establishments, Complaints about private health service establishments, Integrity governance framework and assessment tool, Medical equipment asset management framework, Health system design, service and infrastructure planning, Design, service and infrastructure plan for Victoria's cardiac system, Capability frameworks for clinical services, Complementary service and locality planning, Registration and governance of community health centres, Victoria's public dental care waiting list, Maternal and Child Health Service Framework, Maternal and Child Health Service resources, Maternal Child and Health Reporting, Funding and Data, Maternal and Child Health Workforce professional development, Public Dental and Community Health Program funding model review, Legislation governing Victorian cemeteries and crematoria, Frequently Asked Questions - Medicines and Poisons Regulation, Licences and permits to possess (& possibly supply) scheduled substances, Pharmacotherapy (opioid replacement therapy), Improving childhood asthma management in Melbourne's inner west, Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), Information for community groups selling food to raise funds, Adverse events following immunisation reporting, Immunisation schedule and vaccine eligibility criteria, Infectious diseases surveillance in Victoria, Notification procedures for infectious diseases, Notifiable infectious diseases, conditions and micro-organisms, Municipal public health and wellbeing planning, Improving outcomes in under-screened groups, Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease prevention, Lasers, IPL and LED devices for cosmetic treatments and beauty therapy, Victoria's regulatory framework for radiation, Resources and factsheets - tobacco reform, Tobacco reform legislation and regulations, Retailers and shops that sell tobacco products, Recreational water use and possible health risks, Statewide and specialist mental health services, Access to mental health services across areas, Transport for people in mental health services, Medical Treatment Planning and Decisions Act, Supporting children whose parents have a mental illness, Supporting the social and emotional wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Victorians, Victoria's mental health services annual report 2019-20, Making a complaint about a mental health service, About Victoria's Chief Mental Health Nurse, Victoria's clinical supervision framework for mental health nurses, Mental health prevention and recovery care, Reporting requirements and business rules for clinical mental health services, Alcohol and other drug treatment services, Overview of Victoria's alcohol and drug treatment system, Pathways into alcohol and other drugs treatment, Community-based AOD treatment services in Victoria, Legislation governing alcohol and other drug treatment, Alcohol and other drug service standards and guidelines, Alcohol and other drug client charter and resources, Alcohol and other drug treatment principles, Alcohol and other drug program guidelines, Drink and Drug Driving Behaviour Change Program, Alcohol and Other Drug Residential Rehabilitation Facility Design Guidelines, Specialist Family Violence Advisor capacity building program in mental health and alcohol and other drug services - Victoria, Alcohol and other drug workforce Minimum Qualification Strategy, Funding and reporting for alcohol and other drug services, Funding of alcohol and other drugs services in Victoria, Reporting requirements and business rules for alcohol and other drug services, Green 'UPS' pills containing N-ethylpentylone (no MDMA), Public sector residential aged care services, Safety and quality in public sector residential aged care, Emergency preparedness in residential aged care services, Voluntary Assisted Dying Ministerial Advisory Panel, State Health Emergency Response Arrangements, Department's responsibilities in emergencies, Health services responsibilities in emergencies, Employment programs for students and graduates, Undergraduate nursing and midwifery scholarships, Enrolled nurse to registered nurse transition scholarships, Re-entry pathway scholarships for nurses and midwives, Refresher pathway for nurses and midwives, Postgraduate scholarships for nurses and midwives, Additional funding for nursing and midwifery positions, Nursing and Midwifery Workforce Development Fund, Furthering your nursing and midwifery career, International nurse and midwife graduates, Inter-professional Nurse Paramedic Graduate Program, Aboriginal graduate and cadetship programs, Research applications for external organisations and individuals, Improving health for Victorians from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, Asylum seeker and refugee health in Victoria, Consumer participation in healthcare in Victoria, Consumer fact sheet Eating and drinking in, changes to taste and smell can decrease appetite and interest in food, hormonal changes can affect weight and mood, musculoskeletal changes can impact on a persons mobility and ability to feed themself, underlying disorders can reduce our food and fluid intake and affect the absorption of important nutrients and vitamins.